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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a dialect that is widely accepted and respected?
What is the study of the relationship between language and society?
What is the term for a simplified language used for communication between groups that do not share a common language?
What is the term for a linguistic feature that varies freely, without any social or regional significance?
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What is the term for a dialect that is associated with a particular social group or class?
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What is the term for the study of language change over time?
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What is the main difference between a rhotic dialect and a non-rhotic dialect?
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What is the term for a language variety that is used for communication between groups that do not share a common language?
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What is the term for a study that examines language change over time by analyzing the language use of different age groups?
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What is the term for the respect or prestige that a language variety has in the eyes of its speakers?
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What is the term for a group of people who share a common language and cultural norms?
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What is the term for a language variety that is associated with a particular ethnic or racial group?
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Study Notes
Linguistic Terms
- Standard dialect: a dialect that is considered the norm or target for a language.
- Nonstandard dialect: a dialect that deviates from the standard dialect.
Language and Dialect
- Language: a system of communication using words, symbols, and/or signs.
- Dialect: a regional or social variation of a language.
Accent and Slang
- Accent: a way of pronouncing a language that is unique to a region or group.
- Slang: informal words or phrases used by a particular group or subculture.
Linguistic Variation
- Free variation: a variation in language that does not depend on the social context.
- Structured variation: a variation in language that is dependent on the social context.
Dialect Types
- Regional dialect: a dialect spoken in a specific geographic region.
- Social dialect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
Sociolinguistics
- Sociolect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
- Social category: a group of people defined by social characteristics such as income, education, or occupation.
- Speech community: a group of people who share a common language or dialect.
- Community of practice: a group of people who share a common language or dialect and engage in a specific activity or profession.
Rhotic and Non-Rhotic Dialects
- Rhotic dialect: a dialect that pronounces the sound /r/ after vowels.
- Non-rhotic dialect: a dialect that does not pronounce the sound /r/ after vowels.
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
- Sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between language and society.
- Dialectology: the study of dialects and their variations.
Variation and Prestige
- Variable: a language feature that can have different forms or variations.
- Variants: different forms of a language feature.
- Overt prestige: a language variety that is considered prestigious or desirable.
- Covert prestige: a language variety that is considered prestigious or desirable, but not openly acknowledged.
Research Methods
- Apparent time study: a research method that studies language change over time by analyzing the language of different age groups.
- Real time study: a research method that studies language change over time by analyzing the language of the same group of people over a period of time.
Language Change and Contact
- Change from above: a language change that is initiated by the dominant group or institution.
- Change from below: a language change that is initiated by the non-dominant group or individual.
- Pidgin: a simplified language used for communication between groups that do not share a common language.
- Creole: a language that emerges from a pidgin and becomes the native language of a group.
Identity and Language
- Race: a social category based on physical characteristics.
- Ethnicity: a social category based on cultural heritage and identity.
- Sex: a biological category based on gender.
- Gender: a social category based on cultural norms and expectations.
Ethnolinguistic Terms
- Sociolect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
- Ethnolect: a dialect spoken by a specific ethnic group.
- Ethnonym: a name or label used to identify an ethnic group.
Linguistic Terms
- Standard dialect: a dialect that is considered the norm or target for a language.
- Nonstandard dialect: a dialect that deviates from the standard dialect.
Language and Dialect
- Language: a system of communication using words, symbols, and/or signs.
- Dialect: a regional or social variation of a language.
Accent and Slang
- Accent: a way of pronouncing a language that is unique to a region or group.
- Slang: informal words or phrases used by a particular group or subculture.
Linguistic Variation
- Free variation: a variation in language that does not depend on the social context.
- Structured variation: a variation in language that is dependent on the social context.
Dialect Types
- Regional dialect: a dialect spoken in a specific geographic region.
- Social dialect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
Sociolinguistics
- Sociolect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
- Social category: a group of people defined by social characteristics such as income, education, or occupation.
- Speech community: a group of people who share a common language or dialect.
- Community of practice: a group of people who share a common language or dialect and engage in a specific activity or profession.
Rhotic and Non-Rhotic Dialects
- Rhotic dialect: a dialect that pronounces the sound /r/ after vowels.
- Non-rhotic dialect: a dialect that does not pronounce the sound /r/ after vowels.
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
- Sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between language and society.
- Dialectology: the study of dialects and their variations.
Variation and Prestige
- Variable: a language feature that can have different forms or variations.
- Variants: different forms of a language feature.
- Overt prestige: a language variety that is considered prestigious or desirable.
- Covert prestige: a language variety that is considered prestigious or desirable, but not openly acknowledged.
Research Methods
- Apparent time study: a research method that studies language change over time by analyzing the language of different age groups.
- Real time study: a research method that studies language change over time by analyzing the language of the same group of people over a period of time.
Language Change and Contact
- Change from above: a language change that is initiated by the dominant group or institution.
- Change from below: a language change that is initiated by the non-dominant group or individual.
- Pidgin: a simplified language used for communication between groups that do not share a common language.
- Creole: a language that emerges from a pidgin and becomes the native language of a group.
Identity and Language
- Race: a social category based on physical characteristics.
- Ethnicity: a social category based on cultural heritage and identity.
- Sex: a biological category based on gender.
- Gender: a social category based on cultural norms and expectations.
Ethnolinguistic Terms
- Sociolect: a dialect spoken by a specific social group or class.
- Ethnolect: a dialect spoken by a specific ethnic group.
- Ethnonym: a name or label used to identify an ethnic group.
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Description
Test your knowledge of linguistics by distinguishing between key terms related to language, dialect, and speech communities. Identify the differences between concepts like standard dialect and nonstandard dialect, language and dialect, and more.
