Ling/Psyc 370B, Biological Bases Lecture #5 & #6

<p>The potential for a language user to acquire multiple languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor and adjust their own linguistic output. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitrariness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid fading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitrariness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language can convey specific meanings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Users can both send and receive messages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing signs with good comprehension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double dissociation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing signs despite limited comprehension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialization of the hemispheres for different functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Split-brain patient studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehending signed and spoken language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reveal hemispheric differences in processing auditory information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network for acoustic information mapping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emerged from a shared homesign system influenced by traditional transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alteration of the system they learned from older students. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children learn languages more easily during a specific developmental time frame. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9-12 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They received no structured input during the critical period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They showed poorer performance in language skills compared to early learners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exact age when the critical period starts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her vocabulary remained limited and only resembled that of a 5-year-old. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They developed more compact and fluent gestures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creoles possess more complex grammatical structures and become native languages, whereas pidgins are simpler communication forms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates language learning by passing down established linguistic conventions and structures across generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show how children can create complex grammatical structures from limited input, pointing to an inherent language capacity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are created by deaf children without access to conventional sign language input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shared awareness and understanding between individuals that they are both focusing on the same object or topic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates how a fully developed language can emerge spontaneously within a community of deaf individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the importance of passing down linguistic knowledge and practices across generations for language survival and change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chimpanzees possess the capacity to track another's gaze and use gestures to indicate desired objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chimp communications includes pointing, whereas joint attention requires the same understanding between speakers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It teaches us that deaf children use the innate properties of a language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitrariness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The association between language units and real-world concepts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discreteness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capability to learn multiple languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to learn language is easier during specific developmental phases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They simplify gestures, making the language more fluent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions about steepness of decline after puberty are unresolved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late learners tend to have diminished performance in comparison to early exposers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as personalized communication methods among small groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simplified form of speech arising from blending different languages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pidgins become more complex when used as a native language to form creoles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the sharing and learning of language among individuals in a society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unique system of signs developed by children deprived of formal language exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show joint attention towards a shared object or event. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can create properties of language without any input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They arise from the contact between different language speakers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has evolved rapidly to become a fully developed language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates an awareness that individuals are referencing the same object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pidgins have simple structures while creoles are more lexically elaborate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only humans possess the ability to use language.

All communities and individuals within a community have language.

A set of characteristics that define human language.

Associations between language units and their meanings.

The ability to create novel messages using discrete units.

Combining distinct sounds without meaning to create meaningful words.

Language is learned through interaction within a community.

The ability of language users to learn multiple languages.

Chimps track gazes and gesture for objects they want.

Awareness between individuals that they are focusing on the same object or topic.

The exposure to language necessary for learning it effectively.

A simplified language that develops from mixing languages for communication.

A stable, fully developed language that arises from a pidgin when it becomes native to children.

A sign language created by deaf individuals in the absence of formal sign language exposure.

A sign language developed in Nicaragua by deaf communities, showcasing language development.

Words or phrases from different languages combined in a pidgin.

The level of grammatical structures in a language, higher in creoles than pidgins.

Using language to make false statements, either intentionally or unintentionally.

A method of communication used by honeybees to convey direction to food sources.

Distinct calls made by vervet monkeys that indicate different types of predators.

The use of a keyboard with lexigraphs by Kanzi, an ape, to express complex ideas.

The first non-human to learn sign language, knowing around 350 signs.

Patients with difficulties in sign language production or comprehension.

Brain region involved in the production of hand movements for signing.

Brain region crucial for comprehending signs and language.

The specialization of the brain's hemispheres for different functions.

Damage that leads to language impairment, showcasing lateralization.

Individuals with severed corpus callosum, studying lateralization.

A technique to study lateralization by presenting different sounds to each ear.

Evidence showing two mental processes operate independently.

Network responsible for mapping acoustic information during listening.

Network that maps speech to meaning representations.

The process of one generation passing knowledge to the next.

Theory that specific ages make language learning easier for children.

A time frame when language acquisition is optimal.

A 'wild' child who did not learn language due to social isolation.

A girl who was isolated until age 13 and showed limited language skills.

Learning American Sign Language after childhood typically results in less fluency.

Theories suggesting that language ability is inborn and not solely learned.

The idea that the ability to learn languages decreases as one ages.

Language is produced through vocal tract and perceived via hearing.

Speech sounds disappear quickly after being produced.

People can send and receive the same messages.

Speakers can hear and adjust their own messages.

The connection between language and meaning is not inherent.

Language allows talk about things not present in time or space.

A personal gestural communication created by deaf individuals for better communication with non-signers.

A time in childhood when learning a language is significantly easier than at other ages.

The process by which humans develop new forms of communication through cultural practices.