Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a phoneme in the context of language?
What is a phoneme in the context of language?
Which of the following is NOT a dimension used to classify consonants?
Which of the following is NOT a dimension used to classify consonants?
How many symbols are there in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
How many symbols are there in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
What does 'place' refer to in the classification of consonants?
What does 'place' refer to in the classification of consonants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following pairs represent different phonemes?
Which of the following pairs represent different phonemes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the height of the tongue during the production of a high vowel?
Which of the following describes the height of the tongue during the production of a high vowel?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the place of articulation for the sound /f/?
What is the place of articulation for the sound /f/?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following sounds is categorized as having a back tongue advancement?
Which of the following sounds is categorized as having a back tongue advancement?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of lip position, which sound is characterized by rounded lips?
In terms of lip position, which sound is characterized by rounded lips?
Signup and view all the answers
/ tʃip/ corresponds to which of the following words?
/ tʃip/ corresponds to which of the following words?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the phonological approach in speech therapy?
What is the primary focus of the phonological approach in speech therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is associated with providing children opportunities to identify differences in word pairs?
Which method is associated with providing children opportunities to identify differences in word pairs?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the Cycles Approach in speech therapy?
What characterizes the Cycles Approach in speech therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
How are targets selected in the Cycles Approach?
How are targets selected in the Cycles Approach?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal of the Cycles Approach for children with speech delays?
What is the goal of the Cycles Approach for children with speech delays?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes phonemic errors from phonetic errors in children's speech sound disorders?
What distinguishes phonemic errors from phonetic errors in children's speech sound disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes articulation impairment?
Which of the following best describes articulation impairment?
Signup and view all the answers
In children with speech sound disorders, which group generally shows a higher prevalence?
In children with speech sound disorders, which group generally shows a higher prevalence?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of error involves a phoneme being entirely absent from the speech output?
What type of error involves a phoneme being entirely absent from the speech output?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of phonological impairment?
What is a common characteristic of phonological impairment?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of 3-year-olds are reported to have speech sound disorders?
What percentage of 3-year-olds are reported to have speech sound disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sound change refers to the removal of the final consonant in a word?
Which sound change refers to the removal of the final consonant in a word?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about speech sound disorders is accurate?
Which of the following statements about speech sound disorders is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a lateral lisp?
What characterizes a lateral lisp?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do cultural expectations play in identifying speech sound disorders in children?
What role do cultural expectations play in identifying speech sound disorders in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What does stimulability indicate in speech assessment?
What does stimulability indicate in speech assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by a child's consistent substitution or omission of sounds?
What is indicated by a child's consistent substitution or omission of sounds?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of speech error occurs when a sound is added where it does not belong?
What type of speech error occurs when a sound is added where it does not belong?
Signup and view all the answers
How is intelligibility commonly assessed in children?
How is intelligibility commonly assessed in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a common speech sound error pattern?
Which of the following is NOT a common speech sound error pattern?
Signup and view all the answers
What does an Oral Peripheral Mechanism Examination assess?
What does an Oral Peripheral Mechanism Examination assess?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Speech Sound Classification
- Phoneme: Smallest unit of sound in a language that conveys meaning.
- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): Unambiguous system for representing speech sounds.
- Consonant Classification: Consonants are categorized by place, manner, and tongue elevation/advancement/lip position.
- Vowel Classification: Vowels are classified by tongue elevation and advancement.
Speech Sound Disorders (SSD)
- Speech Sound Disorder (SSD): A significant problem with speech sound production, leading to speech differing from expected age and cultural norms.
-
Types of SSD:
- Phonemic (Rule-based) Disorders: Errors indicating a pattern of phonological rules, simplifying adult sound productions.
- Phonetic (Motor-based) Disorders: Errors in producing specific sounds, resulting in distortions.
- Articulation Impairment: Difficulty articulating certain sounds, leading to phonetic errors (sound distortion).
- Phonological Impairment: Difficulty with phonological rules governing sound patterns, resulting in phonemic errors (sound substitution or omission).
Prevalence and Etiology of SSD
-
Prevalence:
- Approximately 15% in 3-year-olds.
- 6% in early school-age.
- Boys have a higher prevalence than girls.
-
Causes:
- Omission Errors: Entire phoneme is absent, possibly affecting specific phonemes or a class of phonemes.
- Distortion Errors: Sound is misarticulated without changing the phoneme (e.g., lateral lisp, frontal lisp).
- Addition Errors: Unnecessary sounds are added to words.
- Phonological Processes/Patterns: Systematic sound changes affecting a class of sounds (e.g., final consonant deletion, cluster reduction, stopping of fricatives).
Assessment and Treatment of SSD
-
Assessment:
- Stimulability: Ability to imitate incorrect sounds, indicating readiness for therapy and guiding goal selection.
- Intelligibility: Impact of errors on understanding the child's speech.
- Oral Peripheral Mechanism Examination (OPE): Evaluates the structure and function of the oral mechanism for speech production.
-
Treatment:
- Phonological Approach: Focuses on teaching phonological rules, addressing changes in meaning caused by errors.
- Minimal Pairs Approach: Utilizes contrastive approaches with rhyming word pairs to highlight meaning differences.
- Cycles Approach: Works with children with severe phonological delays, stimulating the emergence of sound patterns over successive cycles.
- Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns 3rd Edition (HAPP-3): Used to identify patterns for treatment.
- Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP): Helps identify patterns for treatment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your understanding of speech sound classification, including phonemes, vowel and consonant categorization, and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Additionally, explore different types of Speech Sound Disorders (SSD) and their characteristics. This quiz will help solidify your knowledge in speech sound production and disorders.
