Linguistics and Language Functions Quiz

<p>Street (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phatic function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focus on the grammatical structure of language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing literary texts to understand stylistic choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referential function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initially dominated by the Anglophone tradition, later expanded to include Slavic perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntax and grammar are identical, as grammar is defined as syntax plus inflectional morphology, making syntax the core component of grammar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Woke up early this morning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walking in the park is enjoyable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homonymy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sentence encompasses one or more clauses, forming a complete thought, while a clause can be a part of a sentence or a sentence itself. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language's transmission relies on social structures and conventions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus on the historical evolution of language vs. the analysis of language at a specific point in time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language exhibits both predictable patterns and unpredictable variations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The established practices and norms of language use within a particular community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking is a physical act while language is a cognitive system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plural form of 'cat' is 'cats', while the plural form of 'dog' is 'dogs', showcasing the variation in the plural morpheme. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflectional morphemes primarily indicate grammatical features, while derivational morphemes create new words with different meanings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consistent application of a morpheme to a wide range of base words, resulting in predictable word formation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A word can contain multiple morphemes, with each morpheme representing a distinct unit of meaning or grammatical function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allomorphy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Context' refers to the external factors influencing the text, while 'co-text' encompasses the internal elements of the text itself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A speaker choosing to use formal language in a professional setting versus informal language in a casual setting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A characteristic of a particular functional style, reflecting the speaker's casual, informal register. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Style is a broader term encompassing all variations in language use, while 'functional styles' represent more specific subcategories of stylistic variations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker's geographical location and local dialect variations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The word &quot;dog&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grave/bank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining sound patterns across languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reference denotes the actual object or concept referred to, while sense refers to the mental representation of its meaning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lexicology explores the theoretical principles of word meanings, while lexicography involves the practical process of compiling dictionaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japanese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic languages often use grammatical markers to convey information about tense or case. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sino-Tibetan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is considered to have no known genetic relationship to any other language family. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepositional phrase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follows a linking verb and describes the subject (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synsemantic words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subordinate/Main (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shift from voiced stops to voiceless stops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allophones represent subtle variations in the pronunciation of a phoneme, while phonemes represent the underlying sound unit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acoustic phonetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prescriptive rules dictating how sounds should be pronounced, whereas Sound Law describes patterns of change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing Old English and Old High German (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systematic study of meaning in language.

Words that represent both abstract and concrete ideas.

The process of creating dictionaries.

A single word with multiple related meanings.

The study of the history and origin of words.

The emphasis placed on certain syllables or words in a sentence to convey meaning.

The consonant sounds that begin a syllable, forming the first part of a stressed word.

Unstressed pronunciations of function words in connected speech, often pronounced quickly and softly.

The study of how words are formed and structured, including affixes and alterations.

The prominence given to a particular syllable within a word, affecting pronunciation and meaning.

Words that have similar meanings but differ in connotation or usage.

The relationship between words with opposite meanings.

A relationship where one word is a more specific term under a broader category.

A clause that has a verb inflected for tense or person, indicating time or subject.

A type of sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period.

The study of styles and choices in language expression across levels.

Analyzes linguistic traditions and styles from historical and functional perspectives.

The environment and circumstances influencing language use, crucial for understanding meaning.

A framework outlining the major language functions, including context and referential function.

Model includes functions like expressive, poetic, phatic, metalingual, and appellative.

The scientific study of language change over time.

Categories based on specific linguistic features like structure and complexity.

Languages that use simpler constructions, typically not combining words heavily.

Languages that combine smaller units into complex words or phrases.

Groups of related languages native to Europe, such as Indo-European and Uralic.

A descriptive rule for sound changes in languages under specific conditions.

The study of sounds in verbal communication, including their articulation, acoustics, and perception.

The study of speech sounds as basic units in a language system, focusing on phonemes and their variants, allophones.

The minimal unit of phonology that can distinguish meaning in spoken language.

Variants of a phoneme that do not change meaning in speech.

A conventional system of habitual vocal behavior for communication.

Language is produced consciously and willingly, not forced.

The scientific study of language and speech, examining its structure and use.

Language is acquired through experience and social interaction, not inherited.

The study of word form, structure, and relations.

The minimal unit of meaning in a language.

Variant forms of a morpheme that convey the same meaning.

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attach to a free morpheme.

The practice of minimizing unclear interpretations of text through context and co-text considerations.

External factors influencing a text, including situational and participant influences.

The surrounding text that provides context for understanding a specific part of communication.

Elements that shape communication, including genre, purpose, and participant dynamics.

A distinctive manner of expression in language use showing variation in writing or speaking.

Words that carry meaning independently, like nouns and verbs.

Words that depend on other words for meaning, like articles and pronouns.

A group of words centered around a noun, providing additional information.

Phrases that begin with a preposition and include a noun or pronoun.

A word or phrase that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject.