Linguistic Varieties and Lingua Franca Overview
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Linguistic Varieties and Lingua Franca Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines a lingua franca?

  • A native language spoken by a large population
  • A language that is exclusively taught in schools
  • A language that has official status in a country
  • A shared language used by individuals from diverse linguistic backgrounds (correct)

    • English is only a native language for speakers in countries where it serves as a lingua franca.

    False

    Name one country where Hindi is used as a common language among diverse linguistic groups.

    India

    In Indonesia, the national language that serves as the lingua franca is ____.

    <p>Bahasa Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following languages is NOT identified as employed in the Philippines for education?

    <p>Mandarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ki-Swahili serves as the lingua franca in many multilingual countries in East Africa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medium of instruction in Philippine public schools for the first three grades?

    <p>Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the country with its corresponding lingua franca:

    <p>Indonesia = Bahasa Indonesia India = English China = Mandarin Philippines = Filipino and English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a native speaker of English according to Cook (1999)?

    <p>Someone who learned English as their first language during childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bilingual person has one native language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a person who speaks two languages?

    <p>Bilingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ language is a simple language with no native speakers.

    <p>pidgin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to conventional wisdom, what primarily determines a person's native language?

    <p>Their country of birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its definition:

    <p>Native Speaker = Someone who speaks their first language Bilingual = A person who speaks two languages fluently Pidgin Language = A contact language with no native speakers Non-Native Speaker = Someone who learned a language as a second or third language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After puberty, becoming a native speaker of a new language is easy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one country where English is considered a native language.

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variety of English has the most native speakers?

    <p>American English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British English spelling of 'cancelled' is the same as the American English spelling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the British English term for 'cookie'?

    <p>biscuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In American English, 'colour' is spelled as ______.

    <p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the British English words with their American English counterparts:

    <p>Football = Soccer Petrol = Gas Lorry = Truck Holiday = Vacation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a British English term for 'parking lot'?

    <p>Car park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spelling of 'organize' is the same in both British and American English.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in the spelling of words ending in '-re' between British and American English?

    <p>American English uses '-er'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A British English 'mum' is referred to as ______ in American English.

    <p>mom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words has a different meaning in British and American English?

    <p>Football (soccer in US)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pidgin?

    <p>A language developed for practical communication with no native speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A creole language is a pidgin that has become the first language of a new generation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is creolization?

    <p>The transformation of pidgins into creoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pidgins emerged in __________ settings as a means of communication.

    <p>multilingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Pidgin = A language developed for practical use, having no native speakers Creole = A pidgin that has evolved into a mother tongue for a community Creolization = The process of transformation from pidgin to creole Lexifier = The source language from which a pidgin/creole borrows vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a creole language?

    <p>It has evolved from a pidgin to a fully developed language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pidgins usually occur in monolingual societies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one region where creole languages are spoken.

    <p>Jamaica, Haiti, Dominica, or other former colonial regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the variant of speech most similar to the standard type in decreolization?

    <p>Acrolect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A creole has native speakers while a pidgin does not.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Basilect' refer to in the context of language varieties?

    <p>The more fundamental variety of a language in decreolization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vocabulary of creoles is growing and often incorporates _____ vocabulary.

    <p>technical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of language allows individuals to signal their identity and group belonging?

    <p>Identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Acrolect = The most prestigious or standard form of a language Basilect = The least prestigious form of a language Pidgin = A simplified language that lacks native speakers Creole = A stable natural language with native speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the communicative function of language prioritize?

    <p>Understandability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The functions of language, such as communication and identity, always support each other without conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lingua Franca

    • A shared language used by people from diverse linguistic backgrounds to converse.
    • Serves as an auxiliary language to facilitate communication between groups with different native languages.
    • Examples include Bahasa Indonesia in Indonesia, Hindi/English in India, Mandarin in China, Ki-Swahili in East Africa, and Filipino/English in the Philippines.
    • English is widely used as a lingua franca internationally, serving as a native language for some and a foreign/second language for others.

    Native Varieties

    • "Traditional" Englishes used by native speakers.
    • British English is the oldest variant.
    • American English is the variety with the most native speakers.
    • Differences between British English and American English exist in spelling, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

    Non-Native Speakers

    • Individuals who have learned a specific language as a second or third language.
    • Their first language is typically another language.
    • Someone who learns the language as a second language at a young age may blur the lines between native and non-native speakers.

    Pidgin Languages

    • A simple language with no native speakers.
    • Develops for practical purposes such as trade.
    • Characterized by a reduced grammatical structure, lexicon, and stylistic range.
    • Emerges as a form of interlanguage communication between speakers of different tongues.

    Creole Languages

    • A pidgin language that has evolved to become the first language of a new generation of speakers.
    • A fully developed speech form with structural and vocabulary changes.
    • Creolization is the transformation of pidgins into creoles.
    • Decreolization occurs when creole speakers shift their speech towards a more standard variety.

    Functions of Language

    • Language serves three major functions: communication, identity, and culture.
    • Different varieties or registers may be employed for each function.
    • The communicative function often necessitates reducing the identity function.
    • The identity-communication continuum represents the relationship between function and variety.

    Identity-Communication Continuum

    • Depicts the relationship between language function and variety.
    • One end of the spectrum focuses on communication, emphasizing comprehensibility.
    • The other end focuses on identity, signifying group belonging.
    • Standardized varieties are more suited for communication.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of lingua franca, native English varieties, and the characteristics of non-native speakers. Test your understanding of how different Englishes interact and the role of auxiliary languages in global communication.

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