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[Blank] is a department of the University of Oxford.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be ______, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be ______, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission.
reproduced
Enquiries concerning ______ outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press.
Enquiries concerning ______ outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press.
reproduction
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for ______ only.
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for ______ only.
You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same ______ on any acquirer.
You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same ______ on any acquirer.
The ____________ approach to categorization assumes that concepts can be defined by necessary and sufficient features.
The ____________ approach to categorization assumes that concepts can be defined by necessary and sufficient features.
A ____________ category is structured around a central, representative example, with other members related by family resemblance.
A ____________ category is structured around a central, representative example, with other members related by family resemblance.
In grammar, ____________ are abstract schemas that capture the central tendencies of grammatical constructions.
In grammar, ____________ are abstract schemas that capture the central tendencies of grammatical constructions.
____________ maps visually represent the relationships between grammatical meanings, showing how they cluster and contrast within a language.
____________ maps visually represent the relationships between grammatical meanings, showing how they cluster and contrast within a language.
____________ typology is a method used to classify languages based on their sound structures.
____________ typology is a method used to classify languages based on their sound structures.
Flashcards
Classical Categorization
Classical Categorization
Categorization based on necessary and sufficient features. Items either belong or don't.
Prototype Categorization
Prototype Categorization
Categorization based on similarity to a prototype. Category membership is graded.
Prototype
Prototype
The most typical or representative example of a category.
Semantic Maps
Semantic Maps
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Phonological typology
Phonological typology
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Linguistic Typology
Linguistic Typology
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Grammaticalization
Grammaticalization
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Speech Acts
Speech Acts
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Sentence Types
Sentence Types
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Moral Rights
Moral Rights
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Study Notes
- Linguistic typologists discovered that the use of prepositions or postpositions is not an independent phenomenon.
- Verb-initial languages have prepositions, and verb-final languages have postpositions.
- There is a correlation between adpositions and basic word order.
- Implicational typology allows one to predict the presence of one property based on another.
- Romanticism focused on linguistic diversity, heightened by the discovery of 'exotic' languages.
- Morphological typology was subjectively interpreted, with inflectional and isolating languages viewed as most and least developed.
- Darwinism influenced the view of language, with languages seen as organic bodies evolving through natural selection.
- Bopp stated that languages must be regarded as organic bodies.
- Languages develop, and die out, after they discard, mutilate or misuse components or forms.
- Languages behave like biological species.
- The principle of uniformitarianism claims that human languages of the past are not qualitatively different from those of the present.
- Human language today is at the same level of evolution as that of 60,000 years ago.
- Researchers must investigate both living and extinct languages to understand the full structural diversity of human language.
- The Principle of Uniformitarianism has never been empirically verified and cannot be tested.
- The primary aim of linguistic typology is to discover universal properties or preferences of human language.
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Description
Explore linguistic typology, focusing on the relationship between word order and adpositions. Learn about implicational typology and the historical perspectives on language evolution, influenced by Romanticism and Darwinism. Understand how languages were viewed as organic bodies subject to natural selection.
