Linguistic Studies & Arabic Varieties

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the consonant inventory of EA compared to CA?

EA has fewer consonants and more vowels. (correct)

EA has no emphatic consonants.

EA has more consonants and fewer vowels.

EA has the same number of consonants and vowels as CA.

Which manner of articulation does EA primarily tend towards?

Fricatives

Trills

Stops (correct)

Affricates

Which consonant is classified as a voiced lateral in CA?

l (correct)

What type of phonemes will be primarily dealt with in the discussion of CA phonemes?

Unstable phonemes Signup and view all the answers

How many phonemes does CA contain?

35 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary direction of backing for consonants in EA compared to CA?

Towards dentals or alveolars Signup and view all the answers

Which short vowel is associated with both CA and EA?

i Signup and view all the answers

In terms of phonological contrasts, what does EA lack compared to CA?

Less voicing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary classification used for the EA reflections of CA phonemes?

By their point of articulation Signup and view all the answers

In the consonant inventory table, which CA phoneme corresponds with the EA phoneme represented as 'sa?al'?

? Signup and view all the answers

Which EA word translates to 'permanent' based on the provided CA and EA reflections?

daa?im Signup and view all the answers

What does the transliteration 'gamaa' represent in the EA reflections of CA phonemes?

beauty Signup and view all the answers

Which CA phoneme is represented by the EA transliteration 'waaxid'?

yy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vowel pairs in the low central vowel section have the same EA phoneme?

a, a Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes consonants in the provided tables of CA and EA phonemes?

Manner of articulation Signup and view all the answers

Which consonant representation is associated with 'kaskas' in the EA reflections?

w Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of CA regarding final long vowels?

Final long vowels are shortened only before 'hamzatu l-waşl'. Signup and view all the answers

Which diphthong is correctly transliterated as 'Jawwaal'?

aw Signup and view all the answers

What happens to unstressed /i/ or /u/ in EA before a final consonant?

They are dropped when a vowel suffix is added. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the assimilation of the definite article in EA?

It may or may not assimilate as a free variation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding epenthetic vowels in CA?

/u/ occurs after certain pronouns and /a/ follows min when before al. Signup and view all the answers

Which category is simpler in EA compared to CA?

Grammatical categories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of final short vowels characteristic to EA?

They lengthen before suffixes mainly in poetry. Signup and view all the answers

In what context does CA drop a final vowel?

When it occurs at the end of an utterance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Linguistic Studies in Memory of Richard Slade Harrell

The book is titled "Linguistic Studies in Memory of Richard Slade Harrell"
It was edited by Don Graham Stuart
Published by Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C.
Publication date: 1967
The book is a collection of linguistic studies.

Some Contrasts Between Classical and Egyptian Arabic

Diglossia: Two varieties of a language coexisting, each serving different social functions.
Classical Arabic (CA): Also referred to as Literary, Standard or Written Arabic. It hasn't changed significantly in 1300 years due to grammatical and pronunciation rules established by the Koran's reciters.
- Used for religious sermons, literary works, speeches, news broadcasts, etc.
Egyptian Arabic (EA): A colloquial variety, also called Vernacular or Spoken Arabic. It developed from classical Arabic or an earlier Arabic Koine.
- Used in everyday conversation, movies, plays, songs and for interactions between family, colleagues and others.

Phonology

Phoneme inventory: Classical Arabic has 35 phonemes (29 consonants and 6 vowels), while Egyptian Arabic has 36 phonemes (26 consonants and 10 vowels).
Consonants: Egyptian Arabic has fewer affricates and fricatives and more stops compared to classical Arabic. It also has a tendency towards back consonants (like dentals or alveolars).

Vowels

Vowel inventory: Classical Arabic has 3 short and 3 long vowels, while Egyptian Arabic has 4 short and 6 long vowels.
Vowel changes: Variations in Egyptian Arabic include shortening final long vowels before specific linguistic features, lengthening short vowels before certain suffixes, and the elision of vowels in unstressed positions.

Morphology

Grammatical variations: Egyptian Arabic has simpler grammatical categories compared to Classical Arabic, such as less inflection in verbs (perfect, imperfect, indicative, subjunctive, energetic, imperative), less use of voices, distinctions in voicing or gender. It can also exhibit optional assimilation or apocopation of words, especially the definite article 'al'.

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Description

Explore the differences between Classical Arabic and Egyptian Arabic in this quiz based on the book 'Linguistic Studies in Memory of Richard Slade Harrell.' Understand the concept of diglossia and the distinct social functions of each Arabic variety.