Linguistic Competence and Universality of Human Language Quiz

Linguistic Competence and Performance

• Linguistic competence refers to a person's internalized knowledge of language, including phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
• It encompasses the ability to understand and produce grammatically correct sentences, as well as the knowledge of language rules and conventions.

Difference between Linguistic Competence and Linguistic Performance

• Linguistic competence is the knowledge of language, while linguistic performance is the actual use of language in communication.
• Performance is influenced by factors such as memory, attention, and physical abilities, which can affect the accuracy of language production.

Universality of Human Language

• The universality of human language refers to the idea that all human languages share certain fundamental properties, despite their superficial differences.
• This concept is based on the idea that there is an innate capacity for language acquisition in humans, which is hardwired into the human brain.

'Rule' and 'Grammar' in Linguistics

• In linguistics, a 'rule' refers to a specific principle or pattern governing the structure of language, whereas in everyday language, a rule is often seen as a restriction or constraint.
• 'Grammar' in linguistics encompasses the entire system of rules and conventions governing language structure, whereas in ordinary language, grammar is often limited to the study of syntax and morphology.

Formal Properties of Human Languages

• All human languages share certain formal properties, including:
  • Creativity: the ability to produce and understand novel sentences.
  • Discreteness: the use of discrete sounds and symbols to convey meaning.
  • Duality: the existence of both spoken and written forms of language.
  • Productivity: the ability to combine elements to form new words and sentences.
  • Arbitrariness: the lack of inherent connection between the form and meaning of words.