Linear vs Non-Linear Data Structures

Data Structure Overview

• Data structures store and organize data efficiently for use in algorithms.
• Classified into two main categories: Linear and Non-Linear.

Linear Data Structure

• Elements are stored sequentially, with connections to the previous and next elements.
• Traversal and access of elements occur in a single run.
• Easier implementation due to sequential organization in memory.
• Single element access at a time, with types including:
  • Array: Fixed-size collection of elements.
  • Queue: FIFO (First In First Out) structure for managing data.
  • Stack: LIFO (Last In First Out) structure for data management.
  • Linked List: A series of nodes where each node points to the next.

Non-Linear Data Structure

• Elements are arranged non-sequentially and cannot be traversed in a single run.
• Each element can connect to more than two other elements.
• Types include:
  • Trees: Hierarchical structure with parent-child relationships.
    • Example: Organizational chart - a manager (parent) linked to officers and clerks (children).
  • Graphs: Comprised of vertices and edges.
    • Used to connect data elements (vertices) through relationships (edges).
    • Applicable in real-world scenarios like networks (telephone, circuit, social platforms).

Comparison: Linear vs Non-Linear

• Linear structures have sequential connections; non-linear structures have multiple connections.
• Linear structures allow single traversal; non-linear structures require multi-directional access.