Linear Kinematics: Displacement and Velocity

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Questions and Answers

A projectile is launched at an angle. Which of the following is the only force that affects its vertical motion?

  • Tension
  • Air resistance
  • Gravity (correct)
  • Thrust from the launch

How does doubling back affect the calculation of distance versus displacement?

  • Both distance and displacement increase
  • Distance decreases, displacement increases
  • Distance increases, displacement decreases (correct)
  • Both distance and displacement decrease

If a projectile is launched horizontally, what is its vertical velocity at the peak of its trajectory?

  • Minimum
  • Zero (correct)
  • Maximum
  • Equal to its initial horizontal velocity

A ball is thrown upwards. Considering only gravity, which of the following statements accurately describes its acceleration?

<p>Negative and constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During projectile motion, which quantity remains constant, assuming negligible air resistance and a uniform gravitational field?

<p>Horizontal velocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An object undergoes constant acceleration. Which of the following kinematic equations would be most useful for finding the displacement if you know the initial velocity, final velocity, and time?

<p>$\Delta x = \frac{(v + v_0)}{2} t$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a scalar quantity that describes the total path traveled by an object?

<p>Distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An object moves with non-constant acceleration. To determine its instantaneous acceleration at a specific time, which method is most appropriate?

<p>Finding the slope of the velocity-time graph at that instant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A projectile is launched with an initial velocity $v_0$ at an angle $\theta$ with respect to the horizontal. What is the formula for the range (horizontal distance) of the projectile, assuming level ground and neglecting air resistance?

<p>$R = \frac{v_0^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical interpretation of the area under a velocity-time graph?

<p>Displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the velocity of an object is described by the function $v(t) = 3t^2 + 2t + 1$, what is the acceleration of the object at $t = 2$ seconds?

<p>14 m/s² (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In numerical differentiation, which method provides a more accurate approximation of the derivative at a point?

<p>Using a smaller sampling interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative slope on a displacement-time graph indicate?

<p>The object is moving in the negative direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a situation where you primarily need to consider displacement rather than distance?

<p>Finding the net change in position after a round trip (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car's velocity increases uniformly from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the car's average acceleration?

<p>2 m/s² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between instantaneous velocity and average velocity?

<p>Instantaneous velocity is the average velocity over an infinitesimally short time interval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are given a displacement-time graph that curves upwards. What does this indicate about the object's velocity?

<p>The velocity is increasing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a projectile is launched at an angle of 30 degrees with an initial velocity of 20 m/s, what is the initial vertical component of its velocity?

<p>10 m/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the factors that affect the range of a projectile, what launch angle (ideally) results in the maximum range, assuming level ground and negligible air resistance?

<p>45 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A juggler throws a ball straight up in the air. If the ball reaches a maximum height of 5 meters, what was its initial velocity (assuming no air resistance and $g = 9.8 m/s^2$)?

<p>9.8 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Displacement

How far away an object is from its starting point, considering direction. It's a vector quantity.

Distance

How much ground an object has covered during its motion. It's a scalar quantity and doesn't consider direction.

Velocity

The rate of change of displacement. It is a vector quantity.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity.

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Numeric Differentiation

A process of finding the slope of a sampled quantity by calculating it directly from the values of the samples

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Integration

Finding the area under a curve.

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Velocity Equation

Vo + at

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Projectile

A curve where the object is only affected by gravity and air resistance.

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Gravity

Always acts downwards towards the center of the Earth.

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Launch Speed

A measure of length at the arrow

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Launch Angle

The angle the object is launched - usually compared to horizontal, right

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Relative launch height

Height the object is launched compared to where it lands

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Optimum Launch Angle

The relative launch angle gives the best distance

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Study Notes

  • Linear Kinematic quantities deal with displacement and distance.
  • Displacement accounts for the direction and measures from start point to the end point.
  • Distance doesn't account for direction, but measures total length traveled.

Dimensions

  • In 1 dimension the object can only move in 1 direction
  • In 2 dimensions, the object can move in 2 directions.

Velocity

  • Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
  • To find velocity, calculate displacement divided by time

Finding velocity from displacement

  • Instantaneous velocity refers to the velocity at a specific moment.
  • Average velocity refers to the constant velocity needed to traverse the same distance in a trip.

Finding average velocity

  • To derive average velocity, calculate the rise over run and divide them.
  • Average velocity equals final position minus initial position, divided by final time minus initial time.

Finding instantaneous velocity using graphical differentiation

  • Maxima and minima are located where the function crosses the x axis
  • Inflection points are found where the function reaches a max or min

Acceleration

  • Acceleration refers to rate of change of velocity.
  • Acceleration is a vector quantity, that has units of meters per second squared.
  • Average acceleration is calculated by change in velocity over time.
  • Instantaneous Acceleration can be solved by using the slope of a velocity-time graph.
  • Otherwise calculate using the provided equations.
  • Acceleration is rate of change of velocity

Quadratic Formula

  • The quadratic formula can be used to solve launch kinetics

Projectile Motion

  • A projectile is any object that is in the air and isn't self-propelled.
  • Projectile motion is only affected by gravity and air resistance.

Launch parameters

  • Launch parameters include speed and angle
  • This acceleration only affects the vertical component of a projectile's motion

Trigonometry and Vectors

  • Trigonometry can find vector components

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