Physics Chapter on Speed and Velocity
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the vertical component of motion for an object in free fall?

  • It accelerates upward at g
  • It decelerates at a constant rate
  • It accelerates downward at g (correct)
  • It remains constant throughout

If the force applied to an object is doubled while keeping its mass constant, what happens to its acceleration?

  • It remains the same
  • It is doubled (correct)
  • It is halved
  • It is tripled

According to Newton's third law, what is the relationship between action and reaction forces?

  • They cancel each other out completely
  • They act on the same body
  • Action forces are greater than reaction forces
  • They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (correct)

Which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of mass on acceleration when force is kept constant?

<p>Acceleration decreases as mass increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a body pushes backward to accelerate forward, what principle is being applied?

<p>Newton's Third Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the speed and direction of an object?

<p>Velocity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to average speed if you measure it over too long of a time interval?

<p>It may miss acceleration and deceleration features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration due to gravity when an object is in free fall?

<p>9.81 m/s^2 downward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the velocity of an object when measured at two infinitesimally close points in time?

<p>Instantaneous velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At terminal velocity, what is the acceleration of a falling object?

<p>Zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases as the speed of a free-falling object increases?

<p>Aerodynamic drag (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a cyclic motion, how is average velocity typically measured?

<p>By examining the distance traveled over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between average velocity and instantaneous velocity?

<p>Average velocity considers an entire trip, while instantaneous looks at a specific point. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the horizontal component of an object's motion when it is in free fall?

<p>The horizontal component remains constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing force affect the acceleration of an object with constant mass, according to Newton's second law?

<p>Increasing force results in increased acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between mass and acceleration when force is kept constant.

<p>As mass increases, acceleration decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action must be taken to turn left while accelerating forward in terms of Newton's third law?

<p>You must push right to create an equal and opposite reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is pushed backward to accelerate forward, what fundamental principle does this illustrate?

<p>This illustrates Newton's third law of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define instantaneous velocity and explain how it differs from average velocity.

<p>Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a specific moment in time, while average velocity is calculated over a finite time interval between two positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is terminal velocity and what conditions need to be met for it to occur?

<p>Terminal velocity is the constant speed attained by an object when the force of gravity is balanced by the aerodynamic drag; it occurs when acceleration becomes zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how acceleration due to gravity affects a falling object over time.

<p>As the object falls, it accelerates downward at $9.81 ext{ m/s}^2$, increasing its speed every second until it reaches terminal velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can average acceleration be calculated using instantaneous velocities?

<p>Average acceleration can be determined by taking the difference between two instantaneous velocities divided by the time interval between those measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the center of mass play in determining the point of application for force and motion?

<p>The center of mass serves as the point where the mass of an object is concentrated and where external forces are considered to act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of cyclic velocity in relation to average velocity.

<p>Cyclic velocity pertains to repeated patterns of motion, where average velocity is calculated based on consistent intervals during the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider both vertical and horizontal components in parabolic motion?

<p>Considering both components allows for a complete analysis of the object's trajectory, as each affects the overall motion differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object's average velocity when it undergoes acceleration followed by deceleration?

<p>The average velocity will be influenced by both the periods of acceleration and deceleration, often yielding a value that does not reflect peak speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Projectile Motion Vertical Component

A projectile's vertical motion accelerates downwards at g (gravity).

Projectile Motion Horizontal Component

A projectile's horizontal motion remains constant (no acceleration).

Newton's Second Law (Acceleration)

Acceleration (a) is directly proportional to force (F) and inversely proportional to mass (m).

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.

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Force & Acceleration Relation

Increasing force increases acceleration, increasing mass decreases acceleration (holding force constant).

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Velocity

The rate at which position changes with respect to time. It has magnitude (speed) and direction.

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Average Velocity

The velocity calculated over a period of time using the initial and final positions.

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Instantaneous Velocity

The velocity at a specific instant in time. Found by comparing positions incredibly close together.

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Average Acceleration

The average change in velocity over a period of time.

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Instantaneous Acceleration

The acceleration at a specific instant in time, found by comparing velocities incredibly close together.

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Acceleration due to Gravity

The acceleration experienced by an object due to Earth's gravitational pull (approximately 9.81 m/s² downward).

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Terminal Velocity

The constant speed reached by a falling object when the air resistance equals the force of gravity.

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Parabolic Motion

The curved path followed by an object thrown into the air, affected by both horizontal and vertical velocity components.

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Newton's Second Law of Motion

This law describes the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

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Newton's Third Law of Motion

This law explains that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.

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How Does Force Affect Acceleration?

Increasing the force acting on an object will increase its acceleration. However, keeping the force constant and increasing the object's mass will decrease its acceleration.

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How Does Mass Affect Acceleration?

Increasing the mass of an object will decrease its acceleration, assuming the force remains constant. So, larger objects are harder to accelerate.

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Forces in Motion

When a body moves, it is due to forces acting on it. These forces create an equal and opposite reaction, allowing the body to accelerate, decelerate, or change direction.

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Study Notes

Speed vs. Velocity

  • Velocity is a vector quantity, possessing magnitude (speed) and direction (heading).
  • It also has a point of application (center of mass) and line of action.
  • Velocity measures how position changes over time.

Average Velocity

  • Average velocity is calculated by measuring an object's position at two different times.

Instantaneous Velocity

  • Instantaneous velocity accounts for changes in velocity over infinitesimally small time intervals. It provides the velocity at a specific point in time.

Instantaneous vs. Average Velocity

  • Average speed over a large time interval might hide acceleration/deceleration changes, contrasted with instantaneous speed measuring speed at a specific moment.

Cyclic Velocity

  • When motion repeats in a cyclical pattern (e.g., walking, running), average velocity can be calculated.

Average Acceleration

  • Average acceleration is calculated from the difference in instantaneous velocities measured at two different times.
  • Instantaneous acceleration is found by comparing velocities over nearly identical time intervals.

Acceleration Due to Gravity

  • Gravity pulls towards the center of mass, influencing downward acceleration.
  • The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s².
  • A falling object accelerates downward at 9.81 m/s² every second.

Terminal Velocity

  • Terminal velocity is reached when a falling object's acceleration reduces to zero.
  • Drag forces (like air resistance) increase with speed, resulting in a constant terminal speed.

Parabolic Motion

  • When launched, an object's velocity has vertical and horizontal components.
  • The vertical component accelerates downwards due to gravity; horizontal component remains constant.

Newton's Second Law

  • Newton's second law states Force = mass × acceleration (F=ma).
  • Acceleration can be calculated as Force / mass (a=F/m)
  • Higher force leads to higher acceleration if mass is constant.
  • Larger mass means a smaller acceleration under the same force.
  • Higher mass needs higher force for the same acceleration.

Newton's Third Law

  • Newton's third law states that for every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.
  • For instance, to move forward, you push backward.
  • Turning left involves a rightward reaction force.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of speed and velocity, including their definitions and differences. It covers average and instantaneous velocity, cyclic velocity, and average acceleration with practical examples. Test your understanding of these essential physics principles!

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