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Questions and Answers
What was the focus of Radical Republicans' efforts during Reconstruction?
What was the result of the 1866 election?
What was President Johnson's approach to Reconstruction?
What was the role of the Ten Percent Plan in President Johnson's Reconstruction efforts?
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What was the outcome of the battle between Presidential Reconstruction and Radical Reconstruction?
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What was the main point of contention between President Johnson and Radical Republicans?
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What was the significance of the 1866 election?
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What was Lincoln's Approach to Reconstruction focused on?
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What was the goal of President Johnson's Reconstruction efforts?
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What was the immediate outcome of President Johnson's Reconstruction efforts?
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What was President Johnson's Reconstruction approach based on?
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What did Radical Republicans prioritize during Reconstruction?
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What was the outcome of the Radical Republicans' efforts in the 1866 election?
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What was the main point of contention between President Johnson and Radical Republicans?
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What was the ultimate result of the battle between Presidential Reconstruction and Radical Reconstruction?
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What did President Johnson do with Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?
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What was the significance of Radical Republicans gaining majorities in the 1866 election?
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What was the period following the 1866 election marked by?
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What was a consequence of President Johnson's Reconstruction efforts?
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What was the focus of President Johnson's Reconstruction efforts?
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Study Notes
Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction
- President Lincoln proposed the Ten Percent Plan in December 1863, aiming to speed up the conclusion of the Civil War and readmit Southern states to the Union.
- The plan outlined the ways in which Southern states would be readmitted to the Union, with a focus on "malice toward none and charity for all."
- Lincoln's plan required 10% of a state's 1860 electorate to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union, after which the state could form a new state constitution and eventually be readmitted.
Alternative Plans for Reconstruction
- Radical Republicans in the North were skeptical of Lincoln's plan, fearing it would not lead to the permanent dismantling of the Confederacy.
- The Radical Republicans proposed the Wade-Davis Bill, which required a majority of a state's citizens to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union before a state governor could be appointed.
- The Wade-Davis Bill also required the abolition of slavery, but left the question of political rights for Black citizens open-ended.
Need for Reconstruction
- The South was devastated by the Civil War, with 20% of its male population dead and its infrastructure destroyed.
- The labor market created under slavery needed to be reformed, and the South needed to be economically rebuilt.
- Reconstruction-era reforms were necessary to reestablish state governments loyal to the Union and formally abolish slavery.
Provisions of Lincoln's Plan
- Lincoln's plan provided for full pardons for former Confederate soldiers and protected their property rights.
- The plan required the abolition of slavery in each state's constitution.
- Delegates would be voted on by the electorate to form new state governments.
Lincoln's Plan and Emancipation
- Lincoln's reconstruction plan hinged on the abolition of slavery as a requirement for reunification.
- The Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, declared that all persons held as slaves would be free.
- However, the Proclamation did not end slavery, and Lincoln's plan aimed to achieve this through the Reconstruction process.
Lincoln's Plan and Military Governors
- Lincoln installed military governors in Louisiana, Tennessee, and North Carolina to hold the line and shape Reconstruction policies.
- Lincoln communicated his apprehension about carpetbagger politicians from the North taking roles in Southern state governments.
Lincoln's Plan and Loyalty Oaths
- The Ten Percent Plan required 10% of the voting population of 1860 to agree to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union.
- Once 10% of the voters had signed the oath, a state could begin the process of reconstruction and organize a state constitutional convention.
Lincoln's Plan and State Constitutions
- States were required to have a subsequent election to elect delegates to pen their new state constitutions.
- Establishing new state constitutions would reestablish them as states in the Union.
The Freedmen's Bureau
- The Freedmen's Bureau was established on March 3, 1865, to provide food, shelter, medical assistance, employment aid, and education to freedmen and poverty-stricken white citizens.
- The Bureau was tasked with helping freedmen find work and was the largest federal aid relief and welfare plan of the period.
Response to Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
- Lincoln's plan was initially viewed as popular by Northern newspapers and many Republicans.
- However, Radical Republicans criticized the plan for being too lenient and moderate towards the Southern states.
- The Radical Republicans' Wade-Davis Bill attempted to place stricter requirements for states to rejoin the Union.
Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction
- President Lincoln proposed the Ten Percent Plan in December 1863, aiming to speed up the conclusion of the Civil War and readmit Southern states to the Union.
- The plan outlined the ways in which Southern states would be readmitted to the Union, with a focus on "malice toward none and charity for all."
- Lincoln's plan required 10% of a state's 1860 electorate to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union, after which the state could form a new state constitution and eventually be readmitted.
Alternative Plans for Reconstruction
- Radical Republicans in the North were skeptical of Lincoln's plan, fearing it would not lead to the permanent dismantling of the Confederacy.
- The Radical Republicans proposed the Wade-Davis Bill, which required a majority of a state's citizens to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union before a state governor could be appointed.
- The Wade-Davis Bill also required the abolition of slavery, but left the question of political rights for Black citizens open-ended.
Need for Reconstruction
- The South was devastated by the Civil War, with 20% of its male population dead and its infrastructure destroyed.
- The labor market created under slavery needed to be reformed, and the South needed to be economically rebuilt.
- Reconstruction-era reforms were necessary to reestablish state governments loyal to the Union and formally abolish slavery.
Provisions of Lincoln's Plan
- Lincoln's plan provided for full pardons for former Confederate soldiers and protected their property rights.
- The plan required the abolition of slavery in each state's constitution.
- Delegates would be voted on by the electorate to form new state governments.
Lincoln's Plan and Emancipation
- Lincoln's reconstruction plan hinged on the abolition of slavery as a requirement for reunification.
- The Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, declared that all persons held as slaves would be free.
- However, the Proclamation did not end slavery, and Lincoln's plan aimed to achieve this through the Reconstruction process.
Lincoln's Plan and Military Governors
- Lincoln installed military governors in Louisiana, Tennessee, and North Carolina to hold the line and shape Reconstruction policies.
- Lincoln communicated his apprehension about carpetbagger politicians from the North taking roles in Southern state governments.
Lincoln's Plan and Loyalty Oaths
- The Ten Percent Plan required 10% of the voting population of 1860 to agree to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union.
- Once 10% of the voters had signed the oath, a state could begin the process of reconstruction and organize a state constitutional convention.
Lincoln's Plan and State Constitutions
- States were required to have a subsequent election to elect delegates to pen their new state constitutions.
- Establishing new state constitutions would reestablish them as states in the Union.
The Freedmen's Bureau
- The Freedmen's Bureau was established on March 3, 1865, to provide food, shelter, medical assistance, employment aid, and education to freedmen and poverty-stricken white citizens.
- The Bureau was tasked with helping freedmen find work and was the largest federal aid relief and welfare plan of the period.
Response to Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
- Lincoln's plan was initially viewed as popular by Northern newspapers and many Republicans.
- However, Radical Republicans criticized the plan for being too lenient and moderate towards the Southern states.
- The Radical Republicans' Wade-Davis Bill attempted to place stricter requirements for states to rejoin the Union.
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Description
Learn about President Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction after the Civil War, including the Ten Percent Plan proposed in 1863.
