Ligands and Receptors

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Questions and Answers

Which type of ligands can cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors?

  • Extracellular ligands
  • Water-soluble ligands
  • Hydrophilic ligands
  • Lipid-soluble ligands (correct)

What do receptors act as in cell signaling?

  • Signal transducers (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Transporters
  • Structural proteins

Where are plasma membrane receptors located?

  • In the plasma membrane (correct)
  • In the extracellular space
  • In the nucleus
  • In the cytoplasm

What are the two categories of ligands based on their solubility?

<p>Hydrophilic and hydrophobic ligands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of membrane receptors mentioned in the text?

<p>Ion-channel linked receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, catalytic receptors, and regulated intramembrane proteolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors mediate direct and rapid synaptic signaling between electrically excitable cells?

<p>Ion-channel linked receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligands can activate G-protein coupled receptors?

<p>Odorants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of G-protein coupled receptors?

<p>Change the ionic permeability and membrane potential of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of G-protein coupled receptors?

<p>Ion channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins regulate gene expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation?

<p>Small monomeric G proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of GTPases is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA and proteins?

<p>Ran GTPases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors possess enzymatic activity or are associated with and regulate an enzyme?

<p>Catalytic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular processes are regulated by Rho GTPases?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are often protein kinases or associated with protein kinases?

<p>Catalytic receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP)?

<p>Release of transcription factors through proteolytic cleavage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances specifically interact with intracellular receptors?

<p>Steroid hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What processes reduce or terminate the response of a target cell to a hormone by decreasing the number of receptors?

<p>Downregulation and desensitization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does downregulation of receptors occur?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of upregulation and sensitization of receptors?

<p>Increase the response of a cell to low concentrations of messengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of intracellular receptor?

<p>Membrane receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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