Lifespan Development: Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial

• Physical development involves growth and changes in the body, brain, senses, motor skills, health, and wellness.
• Cognitive development includes learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
• Psychosocial development covers emotions, personality, and social relationships.
• Lifespan development studies how individuals change and remain the same over their lifetime.
• Cognitive empathy, ability to take the perspective of others, and to feel concern.
• Conception occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg, forming a zygote (one-cell structure).
• Newborn reflexes are inborn, automatic responses to specific stimulations, aiding newborn survival.

Attachment Styles:

• Secure attachment is when a child uses the parent as a secure base for exploration.
• Avoidant attachment is when a child is unresponsive to the parent, does not use them as a secure base, and does not care if the parent leaves.
• Resistant attachment is when a child shows clingy behavior but rejects the mother's attempts to interact.
• Disorganized attachment involves odd behavior around a caregiver.
• Attachment is defined as a long-standing connection or bond with others.
• Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, typically from ages 13 to 19.
• Developmental milestones include crawling, walking, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty.
• A Living Will is a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order.
• A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) is a living will.
• A health care proxy is a legal document allowing someone to make medical decisions for another person who is unable to make them.
• Hospice provides care for the sick or terminally ill.
• Emerging adulthood is a relatively new lifespan development period from 18 years to the mid-20s.

Requirements for Healthy Attachment:

• Caregivers must respond to the child's physical, social, and emotional needs.
• The caregiver and child must engage in mutually enjoyable interactions.

Parenting Styles:

• Authoritative parents set reasonable demands and consistent limits, show warmth and affection, and listen to the child's viewpoint.
• Authoritarian parents highly value conformity and obedience, being rigid and expressing little warmth.
• Permissive parents make few demands and rarely use punishment.
• Uninvolved parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes neglectful, responding minimally to the child's needs.

Nature vs. Nurture:

• Nature refers to biology and genetics.
• Nurture refers to environment and culture.
• The nature vs. nurture debate examines how our personalities and traits result from both genetics/biology and environmental influences.

Fine vs. Gross Motor Skills:

• Motor skills involve focusing on muscles in the fingers, toes, and eyes, enabling coordination of small actions (e.g., gripping a pencil).
• Fine motor skills focus on the large muscle groups that control arms and legs and involve larger movements (e.g., balancing, running).

Lifespan Theories and Theorists:

• Psychosexual Theory: Freud
• Psychosocial Theory: Erikson
• Cognitive Theory: Piaget
• Theory of Moral Development: Kohlberg
• A teratogen is an agent (biological, chemical, or physical) that can damage a developing embryo or fetus; alcohol is an example.
• The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by age 6.
• Brain growth continues into the early 20s.
• The frontal lobe is responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning.

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's 5 Stages of Grief:

• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depression
• Acceptance