Lifespan Development: An Overview

What is the primary focus of developmental psychologists?

Which of the following is an example of continuous development?

How do stage theories explain developmental milestones?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, what does 'nurture' refer to?

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, what could result from a lack of proper nurturance during a specific stage?

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that:

In Piaget's cognitive theory, what is 'accommodation'?

Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development is characterized by a focus on obeying authority to maintain social order?

During which prenatal stage do organs begin to develop and function?

What is a teratogen?

Which newborn reflex involves turning the head towards a touch on the cheek?

What is the difference between fine and gross motor skills?

How does Baillargeon's research challenge Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

According to Harlow's research on attachment, what is the MOST critical component in forming a maternal-infant bond?

What is Bowlby's key concept of 'secure base' in attachment theory?

In Ainsworth's Strange Situation, a child who is distressed when the mother leaves but is happy upon her return is MOST likely exhibiting which attachment style?

Which parenting style, according to Baumrind, involves reasonable demands, consistent limits, warmth, and listening to the child's point of view?

How does a child's temperament influence parenting style?

What physical changes mark adrenarche and gonadarche during adolescence?

How does the continued development of the frontal lobe during adolescence influence behavior?

What is cognitive empathy, also known as 'theory of mind'?

How does Erikson describe the primary psychosocial task of adolescence?

According to James Marcia, what is a key difference between identity moratorium and identity achievement?

What is the BEST description of the 'imaginary audience' in Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism?

What defines 'emerging adulthood' as a distinct period of lifespan development?

During early adulthood (20s-40s), what physical characteristic is usually at its peak?

What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

What aspect of work is MOST closely tied to well-being and job satisfaction during adulthood?

What does socioemotional selectivity theory suggest about social relationships in later adulthood?

According to Kübler-Ross's stages of grief, what is the initial reaction to impending death or loss?

In Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief, what stage involves attempting to negotiate with a higher power or fate?

Which of the following is true regarding the stage of 'Acceptance' in Kubler-Ross's stages of grief?

According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what fundamental question does an individual grapple with during the stage of "Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt"?

According to James Marcia’s four identity statuses, which status is characterized by exploration but a lack of commitment?

Which of the following represents a primary difference between Erikson’s and Freud’s theories of development?

During which of Piaget's stages does a child develop the ability to understand abstract concepts and utilize abstract reasoning?

Which concept describes incorporating new information into an existing schema?

What is one potential cognitive effect that may present itself in a person who has been diagnosed with Fetal-Alcohol Syndrome?

In which prenatal stage does Mitosis take place?

What does "Spermarche" refer to during Male adolescence?

An infant who will not explore toys in the "Strange Situation" and becomes extremely disturbed or angry, even after the mother attempts to comfort them is displaying symptoms of what type of attachment?

How do normative milestones provide a framework for understanding development?

In the nature vs. nurture debate, which statement encapsulates the view that both are interactive forces in development?

How do the stages of Freud's psychosexual theory MOST significantly differ from those of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

How does Piaget explain the process by which children change their existing ways of thinking to understand new information?

How does Kohlberg's theory of moral development extend Piaget's theory?

During prenatal development, what makes the embryonic stage (weeks 3-8) a critical period?

How are newborn reflexes like the rooting and sucking reflexes beneficial for survival?

How does the 'pruning period' in nervous system development improve brain efficiency?

What critical adaptation contributes to the theory of mind in cognitive milestones?

What distinguishes secure attachment from other attachment styles in Ainsworth's Strange Situation?

How does a difficult temperament in children typically affect parenting style?

What is James Marcia's view of the adolescent stage?

How does the personal fable contribute to increased risk-taking behaviors during adolescence?

What societal factor is linked to the rise of emerging adulthood as a new developmental stage?

How does crystallized intelligence evolve as people age into or through adulthood?

What factor in employment is MOST closely related to well-being and job satisfaction?

How does socioemotional selectivity theory explain shifts in older adults' social connections?

How might an individual in the 'bargaining' stage of grief, according to Kübler-Ross, express their feelings?

What does the 'acceptance' stage in Kübler-Ross's stages of grief focus heavily on?

How do cultural backgrounds influence views on death?

Lifespan development solely focuses on how people change and not on the aspects that remain constant throughout life.

Normative psychologists establish 'norms' by studying small groups of children to determine the average ages when developmental milestones are achieved.

Social milestones like starting school, unlike biological milestones, remain uniform across different cultures.

Continuous development views development as occurring in unique stages at specific times or ages.

Cultural differences in child care practices are examples of evidence for multiple courses of development.

The debate between nature and nurture analyzes how personalities and traits are determined by astrological factors, dismissing genetic and environmental influences.

Freud's psychosexual theory posits that proper nurturance during each stage is irrelevant to a child's development.

Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory suggests that personality continues to develop throughout the lifespan.

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, children adjust their schemata through a process called 'association'.

According to Kohlberg's theory, moral development consists of 5 stages.

The Germinal stage, which occurs during weeks 1-2 of prenatal development, concludes with the formation of the embryo.

Mitosis is the process by which the zygote decreases the number of cells in preparation for organ development.

During the embryonic stage, toxic substances cannot affect the development of the embryo.

Alcohol consumption is not associated with fetal-alcohol syndrome.

Newborn reflexes, such as the rooting reflex and grasping reflex, assist in the newborn's survival.

A newborn's vision is highly developed but their sense of smell is not.

During the blooming period, neural pathways form thousands of new connections during childhood and adolescence.

Fine motor skills involve large muscle groups, while gross motor skills involve smaller muscles in the fingers and toes.

Studies by Baillargeon (1987) support Piaget's theory that children's ability to understand objects develops gradually.

By the age of 10 months, an infant is expected to understand the concept of object permanence.

According to Bowlby, a secure base refers to the caregiver's ability to provide financial security for the child.

Harry Harlow's monkey experiments demonstrated that feelings of comfort and security are less important than nourishment in maternal-infant bonding.

In Ainsworth's Strange Situation, a child with avoidant attachment will be greatly distressed when the mother leaves and relieved when she returns.

A child's self-concept primarily develops during adolescence and is not present in early childhood.

Permissive parenting styles involve parents who place a high value on conformity and obedience, often being rigid with their children.

Children with an easy temperament are less likely to elicit warm and responsive parenting.

Adrenarche and Gonadarche signal the start of cognitive development in adolescents.

Teenage thinking enhances logical reasoning and solving hypothetical problems.

During adolescence, peer relationships increase, but relationships with parents remain the central focus.

Erik Erikson suggests that adolescents may experiment as part of the identity versus role confusion stage.

James Marcia agreed with Erikson's psychosocial theory on adolescent identity.

Achievement is defined as a delay or holding pattern; no definite commitments, yet.

According to Elkind’s Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism, teenagers are unable to understand other people's thoughts.

A sense of invulnerability can result in increased emotional outbursts as adolescents become more aware of consequences for their actions.

Emerging adulthood is a new lifespan development period focused on identity exploration in work and relationships.

During the stage of middle adulthood physical changes don't occur.

Fluid intelligence, involving information processing, improves steadily throughout adulthood.

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, acceptance is the first stage of approaching death.

During the Depression stage of grief, individuals begin to accept facts, information and reality.

Cultural viewpoints do not influence the way individuals view death.

Biological milestones, like starting school age, are universal across all cultures.

Continuous development views human development as occurring in unique stages.

The nature versus nurture debate only considers how our personalities and traits are shaped by our environment.

Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory posits that personality development only occurs during childhood.

According to Piaget, accommodation is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemata.

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the post-conventional level is characterized by behavior driven by avoiding punishment.

The placenta connects the uterus to the embryo and provides nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord.

Mothers are encouraged to avoid prenatal care during pregnancy so as not to potentially harm the fetus.

The rooting reflex in newborns involves sucking on objects placed by the mouth.

Fine motor skills involve large muscle groups that control arms and legs.

A secure base gives a child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings.

Harlow's monkey experiments demonstrated that dispensing milk is the most critical part of maternal infant bonding.

According to Ainsworth, secure attachment is demonstrated by a child who behaves oddly around their caregiver.

Baumrind's permissive parenting style involves parents placing a high value on conformity and obedience.

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the industry versus inferiority stage.

According to Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism, adolescents often understand that others share their preoccupations.

According to James Marcia, 'Identity Diffusion' is 'going through crisis'.

Adrenarche refers to the maturing of the sex glands during adolescence.

Fluid intelligence, characterized by accumulated knowledge and experience, typically increases with age.

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross stated that everyone who is dying or experiences a loss goes through 7 stages of grief.

How do stage theories explain the universality of development in children?

How can cultural child care practices affect developmental milestones?

What is the central idea behind the nature vs. nurture debate in developmental psychology?

What is the potential impact of maternal alcohol consumption on a developing fetus?

How does assimilation in Piaget's theory facilitate cognitive development?

How does accommodation contribute to cognitive change according to Piaget?

What is the significance of the research by Harlow on attachment in monkeys?

According to Bowlby's attachment theory, what are the key factors required for forming healthy attachments?

In the context of the Strange Situation experiment, what behaviors might you observe in a child with avoidant attachment?

How do adolescents reconcile the values and roles expected by their parents with their own emerging identities and peer influences?

How are fluid and crystallized intelligence affected differently by age?

In what ways can cultural background influence the experience and expression of grief?

What is the significance of the placenta in prenatal development?

What is the timing and milestone of the Germinal Stage of prenatal development?

What is the definition of a Teratogen?

What are newborns' reflexes and their importance during development?

Describe 'Blooming' and 'Pruning' periods within the nervous system.

What is the difference between fine motor skills and gross motor skills?

How do early childhood experiences shape cognitive milestones, such as language development and problem-solving skills?

Describe the experiment that Baillargeon did in 1987.

Theorize the effect of neglect on parent attachments.

How does self-concept impact social behavior?

How can parenting style depend on the temperament of a child?

Provide a summary of puberty.

During adolescence, the frontal lobe continues to develope; how does this affect judgement and impulse control?

What did Elkind (1967) suggest about personal thoughts?

Why are people taking longer to grow up?

How do physical abilities change during early, middle, and late adulthood?

What should be kept in mind when considering the stages of grief?

How is Erik Erikson's theory different from Sigmund Freud's theory?

What does it mean to say that development can be continuous or discontinuous?

What are norms, in the context of lifespan development?

According to Erikson, what is the developmental challenge that takes place during adolescence?

During Piaget's Concrete Operational stage, what type of new thinking is developed?

Describe Kohlberg's Level 1 of Moral Development.

What is the difference between the Imaginary Audence and the Personal Fable?

As we age, how does our social support change?

Describe the Denial stage of grief.

What did James Marcia suggest about Erikson's Adolescent stage?

Differentiate between continuous and discontinuous development, providing an example of each.

Explain the core difference between ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’ in the context of lifespan development.

How would Freud explain an adult's excessive smoking habit based on his psychosexual theory?

In Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the central conflict during adolescence, and how does its resolution impact an individual?

Describe how assimilation and accommodation work together in Piaget's theory to facilitate cognitive development.

How might a child in Kohlberg's 'pre-conventional' stage of moral development justify stealing food to feed their starving family?

Explain the significance of mitosis during the germinal stage of prenatal development.

How does the concept of 'teratogen' relate to prenatal care, and what are some examples of teratogens?

Describe how a newborn's rooting reflex demonstrates an adaptive behavior for survival.

Explain the difference between fine motor skills and gross motor skills, providing an example of each.

How did Baillargeon's research challenge Piaget's original thoughts on cognitive development in children?

What are the key components required for a healthy attachment, according to Bowlby's attachment theory?

Describe the primary differences in behavior between a child with a 'secure' attachment style and one with an 'avoidant' attachment style in Ainsworth's Strange Situation.

How do authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles differ in their approach to discipline and child-rearing?

Explain how a child's temperament can influence the style of parenting they receive.

During adolescence, how does the continued development of the frontal lobe impact behavior and decision-making?

Describe the concept of 'imaginary audience' in Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism, and give an example.

Differentiate between James Marcia's identity statuses of 'foreclosure' and 'moratorium' in adolescent development.

Besides an active lifestyle and good nutrition, what are a couple of other things someone can do to delay cognitive decline in late adulthood?

Describe what is meant by the stage of denial, as proposed by Kubler-Ross in her 5 stages of grief.