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At what age does adolescence typically end?
What marks the beginning of the prenatal period?
Which stage of human development begins at the end of infancy?
What stage of human development begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months?
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What is the duration of infancy?
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Which of the following correctly defines adulthood in human development?
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At what developmental stage does puberty typically begin?
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Which of the following is a teratogen that can affect fetal development?
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What is the time frame of childhood?
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How do infants demonstrate a natural inclination to interact with caregivers?
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Which characteristic is most commonly associated with physical growth across human development stages?
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What method is commonly used to study infants' visual attention?
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What accurately describes the end of childhood?
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During which stage does human development transition into adulthood?
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What is a potential long-term effect of drinking alcohol during pregnancy?
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Which reflex is NOT one of the innate features standard in human infants?
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What factors are identified as influencing decision making aside from schemas?
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Which heuristic is described as relying on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic or decision?
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According to theories of intelligence, which type is characterized by logical problem solving and analytical skills?
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In developmental psychology, which aspect does NOT typically change over the lifespan?
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What does the term 'g' refer to in the context of intelligence theories?
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Which model of intelligence suggests there are multiple types, including creative and practical intelligences?
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What is indicated by an IQ score of 100?
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Which emotional factor is explicitly mentioned as impacting decision making?
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Study Notes
Life Span Stages
- Prenatal Period: Starts with conception and ends at birth.
- Infancy: Begins at birth and lasts from 18 to 24 months.
- Childhood: Follows infancy and continues until puberty, typically between 11 and 14 years.
- Adolescence: Starts at the end of childhood and continues to age 18 or 21.
- Adulthood: Begins after adolescence.
Teratogens and Prenatal Development
- Teratogens: Substances that can cause malformations during prenatal development, including drugs, alcohol, bacteria, viruses, and chemicals.
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs): Result from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, potentially leading to significant developmental issues.
- Developmental Delays: Some effects from teratogen exposure may not be apparent at birth but can manifest in later developmental domains such as language and behavior.
Standard Infant Features
- Infants exhibit innate reflexes and abilities such as imitation, rooting, sucking, and grasping.
- Preference for sweetness; often indicated by their inclination towards mother's milk.
Studying Infants
- Techniques like Preferential Looking and Habituation are used to understand infant cognition and preferences indirectly.
Attachment Theory
- Infants have evolved to attract caretakers, reflecting a deep dependency crucial for survival and development.
Decision Making and Heuristics
- Schemas: Cognitive frameworks that help organize information; they impact decision-making significantly.
- Anchoring and Framing: Ways in which information is presented can influence choices and perceptions.
- Mood and Personality: Both elements play a role in shaping judgment and decision-making processes.
- Availability Heuristic: The tendency to base decisions on readily available information or recent events, often influenced by news or media stories.
Intelligence Theories
- Cattell's Liquid and Crystal Intelligence: Distinguishes between fluid intelligence (problem-solving and adaptability) and crystallized intelligence (knowledge and skills accumulated over time).
- Standardized IQ Tests: Measurement involves an average score of 100, with 10 IQ points equating to one standard deviation; IQ tests predict performance moderately (~25% accuracy).
- Spearman's g Factor: Proposes a general intelligence factor underlying various cognitive abilities.
Multiple Intelligences
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Howard Gardner's Framework: Identifies eight distinct modalities of intelligence, including:
- Analytic Intelligence: Logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities.
- Creative Intelligence: Involves innovation and the ability to generate new ideas.
- Practical Intelligence: Encompasses social skills and common sense, often referred to as emotional intelligence (EQ).
Developmental Psychology
- Focuses on the study of changes across the lifespan in various domains such as physiology, cognition, emotion, and social interactions.
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Description
This quiz covers the various stages of human development, including prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. It also delves into teratogens and their impact on prenatal development, emphasizing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and developmental delays. Test your knowledge on these crucial topics in human development.
