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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial biome found in South Africa?
Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial biome found in South Africa?
Freshwater and marine biomes are the only two groups of aquatic biomes.
Freshwater and marine biomes are the only two groups of aquatic biomes.
True
What two types of biotic and abiotic components interact in an ecosystem?
What two types of biotic and abiotic components interact in an ecosystem?
Living organisms and non-living environment
The _____ factors include physiographic, edaphic, light, temperature, water, atmospheric gases, and wind.
The _____ factors include physiographic, edaphic, light, temperature, water, atmospheric gases, and wind.
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Which abiotic factor refers to the height of land above sea level?
Which abiotic factor refers to the height of land above sea level?
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Match the abiotic factors with their definitions:
Match the abiotic factors with their definitions:
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What are the two main groups into which aquatic biomes are classified?
What are the two main groups into which aquatic biomes are classified?
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The slope of a mountain can affect the rate at which sunlight reaches different areas.
The slope of a mountain can affect the rate at which sunlight reaches different areas.
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Which classification system was proposed by Robert Whitaker in 1969?
Which classification system was proposed by Robert Whitaker in 1969?
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The genus name is written with a small letter in the binomial nomenclature system.
The genus name is written with a small letter in the binomial nomenclature system.
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What are the two main divisions under which a lion is classified?
What are the two main divisions under which a lion is classified?
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A dichotomous key provides _____ choices at each step to classify organisms.
A dichotomous key provides _____ choices at each step to classify organisms.
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Match the following organisms with their respective kingdom:
Match the following organisms with their respective kingdom:
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Which of the following is the correct binomial nomenclature for a lion?
Which of the following is the correct binomial nomenclature for a lion?
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Pine tree belongs to the Class Mammalia.
Pine tree belongs to the Class Mammalia.
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What is the order classification for a lion?
What is the order classification for a lion?
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Which type of soil has the largest particles and is best aerated?
Which type of soil has the largest particles and is best aerated?
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Most plants grow well in acidic soil (low pH).
Most plants grow well in acidic soil (low pH).
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What is the term for the effect of day length on the growth of a plant?
What is the term for the effect of day length on the growth of a plant?
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Plants that only flower when the day length is shorter than 12 hours are called __________.
Plants that only flower when the day length is shorter than 12 hours are called __________.
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What increases soil fertility and water-retention capacity?
What increases soil fertility and water-retention capacity?
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Match the following types of plants with their day length requirements:
Match the following types of plants with their day length requirements:
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Ectothermic animals remain active during cold winter temperatures.
Ectothermic animals remain active during cold winter temperatures.
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What type of soil is considered most suitable for plant growth?
What type of soil is considered most suitable for plant growth?
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Which of the following periods is known for the explosion of most animal groups?
Which of the following periods is known for the explosion of most animal groups?
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Dinosaurs first appeared during the Jurassic period.
Dinosaurs first appeared during the Jurassic period.
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What type of plants were dominant during the Permian period?
What type of plants were dominant during the Permian period?
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The era that follows the Paleozoic is known as the ________.
The era that follows the Paleozoic is known as the ________.
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Match the following periods with their notable events:
Match the following periods with their notable events:
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During which period did modern mammal species evolve?
During which period did modern mammal species evolve?
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Ferns dominated the Carboniferous period.
Ferns dominated the Carboniferous period.
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What was the dominant plant type during the Silurian period?
What was the dominant plant type during the Silurian period?
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The Precambrian era lasts from ________ to ________ million years ago.
The Precambrian era lasts from ________ to ________ million years ago.
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Which of the following periods is famous for the first vertebrates?
Which of the following periods is famous for the first vertebrates?
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What does the term 'Cambrian explosion' refer to?
What does the term 'Cambrian explosion' refer to?
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A mass extinction occurs when a few species disappear over a long period of time.
A mass extinction occurs when a few species disappear over a long period of time.
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Name one of the two most significant mass extinctions that have occurred in history.
Name one of the two most significant mass extinctions that have occurred in history.
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Fossils are predominantly found in _______ rocks.
Fossils are predominantly found in _______ rocks.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following conditions is NOT ideal for fossil formation?
Which of the following conditions is NOT ideal for fossil formation?
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Fossils can only form in sedimentary rocks.
Fossils can only form in sedimentary rocks.
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What do hard body parts of an organism get replaced by during fossilization?
What do hard body parts of an organism get replaced by during fossilization?
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What weather phenomenon is responsible for forming nitrates in the atmosphere?
What weather phenomenon is responsible for forming nitrates in the atmosphere?
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When did the Cenozoic era begin?
When did the Cenozoic era begin?
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The mass extinction that took place towards the end of the Palaeozoic era is known as the ______.
The mass extinction that took place towards the end of the Palaeozoic era is known as the ______.
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The number of families of organisms decreased after each mass extinction.
The number of families of organisms decreased after each mass extinction.
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Which period saw the arrival of the first land plants?
Which period saw the arrival of the first land plants?
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Match the following isotopes with their corresponding method of dating fossils:
Match the following isotopes with their corresponding method of dating fossils:
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What do we call the study of the distribution of individual species?
What do we call the study of the distribution of individual species?
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What is the method of dating fossils using radioactive isotopes called?
What is the method of dating fossils using radioactive isotopes called?
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Study Notes
Life Sciences Revision Booklet 2024 - Grade 10
- This revision program assists students in reviewing 3rd and 4th term content and skills.
- It aims to help understand key concepts for the examination.
Topics Covered
- Biosphere to ecosystems
- Biodiversity and classification
- History of life on earth
Biosphere to Ecosystems
- Biosphere: The part of Earth where living organisms occur; the global sum of ecosystems.
- Atmosphere: Layer of air surrounding Earth, mix of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide).
- Lithosphere: Earth's outermost surface (soil, rocks).
- Hydrosphere: Combined mass of water (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, springs).
- Biomes: Large geographical areas with similar climate and geography, supporting specific plant and animal groups.
- Terrestrial Biomes (South Africa): Fynbos, forest, grasslands, savannah, thicket, Nama Karoo, succulent Karoo, and desert.
- Aquatic Biomes: Freshwater (low salt content) and marine (saltwater) biomes.
Environment and Ecosystems
- Environment: Physical (soil, water, air, temperature) and biological conditions where an organism lives.
- Ecosystem: Particular area (pond, forest) with interacting biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living) components.
Abiotic Factors
- Physiographic Factors: Aspect (sun exposure), slope (gradient), and altitude (height above sea level).
- Edaphic Factors: Soil factors like pH, humus content, texture, water retention, and air content.
- Temperature
- Light (day length, seasonal changes)
- Wind
- Water (water cycle, wetlands)
- Atmospheric Gases
Biotic Factors
- Producers: Green plants; autotrophs, producing their own food via photosynthesis.
- Consumers: Animals, heterotrophs, consuming other organisms for food.
- Primary Consumers (Herbivores): Feed directly on producers.
- Secondary Consumers: Feed on primary consumers.
- Tertiary Consumers: Feed on secondary consumers.
- Omnivores: Consume both plants and animals.
- Decomposers: Fungi and bacteria; break down organic matter.
Energy Flow
- Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, starting with radiant energy from the sun.
- Producers capture this energy through photosynthesis.
- Consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
- Decomposers break down dead organisms and return energy to the environment.
Food Chain and Food Web
- A food chain depicts a single pathway of energy transfer.
- A food web shows interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.
Trophic Levels
- Trophic levels represent the feeding positions within an ecosystem.
- Organisms are placed into trophic levels based on their position in the food web.
Ecological Pyramids
- Pyramids of Numbers: Show the number of organisms at each trophic level.
- Pyramids of Biomass: Show the total mass of organisms at each trophic level.
- Pyramids of Energy: Show the amount of energy at each trophic level.
Water Cycle
- This cycle moves water between the earth and atmosphere constantly.
- Precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) returns water to the earth.
- Evaporation and transpiration (plants releasing water) return water to the atmosphere.
Importance of Wetlands
- Wetlands support a wide variety of plant and animal life.
- Act as water filters, providing a regular water supply.
Atmospheric Gases
- The air is a mix of gases (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide) with varying percentages.
Wind
- Moving air accelerates evaporation and transpiration.
History of Life on Earth
- **Geological Timescale:**Divides Earth's history into Eras (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic).
- Cambrian Explosion: A period of rapid diversification of life forms.
- Mass Extinctions: Periods where many species went extinct simultaneously.
- Fossil Record: Helps scientists understand the history of life on Earth.
Fossils and Dating
- Fossils are preserved remains of organisms.
- Radiometric Dating: Measures the decay of radioactive elements in rocks and fossils to determine their age.
- Relative Dating: Determines the relative age of fossils by comparing them in layers of sediment.
Revision Questions
- These questions assess understanding of the covered topics.
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Description
This quiz helps Grade 10 students review key concepts in Life Sciences, focusing on the biosphere, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the history of life on Earth. Prepare for your exams with essential knowledge and skills from the 3rd and 4th terms.
