Life Science Midterm Study Guide - Unit 1 & 2

A rule that describes a pattern in nature, often based on repeated observations and experiments.

A testable prediction or statement that proposes an explanation for an observation or phenomenon.

An explanation supported by a large body of evidence, based on numerous observations and experiments. It may be modified or refined as new information is discovered.

The group in an experiment where the independent variable is not changed, serving as a baseline for comparison.

The magnifying power of a compound microscope is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens.

The first person to observe and name cells, using a basic microscope.

A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create a 3D image, providing detailed surface information.

A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create a highly magnified image, revealing internal structures of cells.

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell, resulting in two daughter cells.

The stage of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei.

Animal cells divide by the cell membrane pinching inwards, forming a cleavage furrow.

Plant cells divide by forming a new cell wall in the middle, called a cell plate.

Duplicated chromosomes are made up of two identical sister chromatids connected at the centromere.

The theory that states all living organisms are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. This process takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Requires no energy.

Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Requires energy.

The diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane.

The process by which cells divide to produce identical daughter cells.