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Questions and Answers
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that supports life on Earth?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What type of nutrition involves self-nutrition, such as photosynthesis?
What is the function of xylem and phloem in plants?
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What is the importance of excretion in an organism?
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What is the term for the movement of materials within an organism?
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Which of the following is a factor that affects the process of photosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of aerobic respiration in cells?
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Which type of nutrition involves obtaining energy by breaking down organic matter?
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What is the primary function of active transport in cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system?
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What is the term for the movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of a plant?
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Study Notes
Life Processes
Photosynthesis
- Definition: Process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose
- Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
- Importance: Produces oxygen and glucose, supporting life on Earth
- Factors affecting photosynthesis:
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- Water availability
- CO2 concentration
Respiration
- Definition: Process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing CO2 and H2O as byproducts
- Equation: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
- Types of respiration:
- Aerobic respiration (in presence of oxygen)
- Anaerobic respiration (in absence of oxygen)
- Importance: Essential for energy production in cells
Nutrition
- Definition: Process by which organisms obtain and utilize nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance
- Modes of nutrition:
- Autotrophic (self-nutrition, e.g., photosynthesis)
- Heterotrophic (other-feeding, e.g., animals, fungi)
- Saprotrophic (decaying organic matter, e.g., fungi, bacteria)
- Nutrient uptake:
- Absorption (plants)
- Ingestion (animals)
- Active transport (cells)
Transportation
- Definition: Movement of materials within an organism, including nutrients, oxygen, and waste products
- Types of transportation:
- Blood circulation (animals)
- Xylem and phloem transport (plants)
- Diffusion and active transport (cells)
- Importance: Essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting metabolic processes
Excretion
- Definition: Removal of waste products from an organism
- Types of excretion:
- Urine excretion (kidneys, animals)
- Transpiration (plants)
- Diffusion and active transport (cells)
- Importance: Maintains internal environment, prevents toxin buildup, and supports overall health
Photosynthesis
- Converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose
- Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
- Produces oxygen and glucose, supporting life on Earth
- Affected by light intensity, temperature, water availability, and CO2 concentration
Respiration
- Generates energy from glucose, releasing CO2 and H2O as byproducts
- Equation: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
- Types: aerobic respiration (in presence of oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (in absence of oxygen)
- Essential for energy production in cells
Nutrition
- Obtaining and utilizing nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance
- Modes: autotrophic (self-nutrition, e.g., photosynthesis), heterotrophic (other-feeding, e.g., animals, fungi), and saprotrophic (decaying organic matter, e.g., fungi, bacteria)
- Nutrient uptake: absorption (plants), ingestion (animals), and active transport (cells)
Transportation
- Movement of materials within an organism, including nutrients, oxygen, and waste products
- Types: blood circulation (animals), xylem and phloem transport (plants), and diffusion and active transport (cells)
- Essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting metabolic processes
Excretion
- Removal of waste products from an organism
- Types: urine excretion (kidneys, animals), transpiration (plants), and diffusion and active transport (cells)
- Maintains internal environment, prevents toxin buildup, and supports overall health
Photosynthesis
- Converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds (glucose)
- Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
- Produces oxygen and glucose for energy
- Supports life on Earth
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- Water availability
- Carbon dioxide concentration
Respiration
- Converts glucose into energy (ATP) in the form of cellular respiration
- Types: Aerobic respiration (oxygen present) and Anaerobic respiration (oxygen absent)
- Equation: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy)
- Releases energy for cellular activities
- Supports life processes
Nutrition
- Obtains and utilizes nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance
- Modes of nutrition: Autotrophic (self-nutrition, e.g., photosynthesis) and Heterotrophic (other-feeding, e.g., animals, fungi)
- Nutrient types: Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals)
Transportation
- Movement of materials within an organism
- Types: Passive transport (diffusion, osmosis) and Active transport (carrier proteins, pumps)
- Maintains homeostasis
- Supports cellular activities
Excretion
- Removal of waste products from the body
- Types: Kidney function (urine production), Liver function (bile production), and Skin function (sweat)
- Maintains homeostasis
- Prevents toxicity
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Description
Explore the processes of photosynthesis and respiration, including their definitions, equations, importance, and factors affecting them.
