Life Processes in Organisms

The force blood exerts against the vessel walls.

Blood pressure during heart contraction.

Blood pressure during heart relaxation.

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

The smallest blood vessels that allow exchange of materials between blood and cells.

The condition of high blood pressure.

Small blood cells that help stop bleeding.

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide by living organisms to produce energy.

The rate at which aquatic animals breathe is faster than land animals because water contains less dissolved oxygen.

Specialized organs in animals that absorb oxygen from the environment.

Structures in respiratory organs that increase surface area for efficient gas exchange.

The process of moving air in and out of the respiratory organs.

The passage in humans that allows air to enter the body through the nose.

Hair-like structures in the nose that filter dust and particles from inhaled air.

A sticky substance lining the nostrils that traps dirt and microorganisms.

Tiny, balloon-like structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

The respiratory pigment in humans that binds to oxygen and carries it to tissues.

The air that remains in the lungs even after exhaling, ensuring continuous gas exchange.

A structure in the respiratory tract that helps to remove dust and germs from inhaled air.

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

A large muscle that helps to expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing.

The movement of substances across a membrane from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases, primarily carbon dioxide and oxygen, during photosynthesis.

Specialized cells surrounding the stomata that regulate their opening and closing.

The process of opening and closing the stomata, controlled by the guard cells in response to environmental factors.

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water as raw materials.

Nutrients absorbed from the soil by plant roots, essential for growth and development.

An essential nutrient vital for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, absorbed by plants from the soil in the form of nitrates or nitrites.

An experiment that demonstrates the requirement of sunlight for photosynthesis by comparing plant growth in the presence and absence of light.

The process by which plants take up water from the soil through their roots.

The process of moving water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant through interconnected vessels and tracheids within the xylem.

The force created by the difference in concentration between the soil and the root cells that drives water into the root.

The process of water moving from the roots to the leaves, driven by the pull created by transpiration.

The loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant, primarily through the stomata of the leaves.

The difference in the concentration of ions between the root cells and the soil.

The cells in roots that actively absorb ions from the soil, creating a concentration gradient that drives water into the root.

The specialized tubes in plants that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

A process where a machine filters waste products from the blood of a patient with kidney failure, mimicking the function of healthy kidneys.

The process of donating an organ from one person to another, often saving or improving the life of the recipient.

Plants use different strategies for waste removal compared to animals. For example, oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a waste product that plants release.

The initial filtrate produced by the kidneys is about 180 liters per day, but only about 1-2 liters are actually excreted due to reabsorption of water and nutrients back into the bloodstream.

During dialysis, waste products from the blood diffuse into the dialysing fluid, separating them from the purified blood which is then returned to the patient.

Dialysis is similar to the function of kidneys, but it lacks the crucial reabsorption process that healthy kidneys perform.