Questions and Answers
Which process involves the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones?
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Which system is responsible for receiving and responding to stimuli?
What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized?
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Which process involves the production of offspring without gametes?
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What is the term for the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment?
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Which organ is responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood?
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What is the term for the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?
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Which process involves the release of energy from glucose?
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What is the term for the formation of body shape and structure?
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What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis?
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What is the net gain of ATP molecules during aerobic respiration?
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Which mode of nutrition involves the ingestion of other organisms or organic matter?
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What is the primary function of active transport in cellular transportation?
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Which excretory organ is responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood?
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What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere?
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Which process involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP?
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What is the term for the movement of materials within an organism?
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Which process is responsible for removing toxic substances from the body?
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What is the term for the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy?
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Study Notes
Definition of Life Process
- A series of activities performed by living organisms to maintain their existence and ensure survival
- Essential functions necessary for an organism to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and maintain homeostasis
Basic Life Processes
1. Nutrition
- Ingestion: taking in food and nutrients
- Digestion: breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones
- Absorption: absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
- Assimilation: using absorbed nutrients for energy and growth
2. Respiration
- Breathing in oxygen (O2)
- Releasing energy from glucose (cellular respiration)
- Breathing out carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. Transportation
- Movement of substances within the body
- Circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
4. Excretion
- Removal of waste products from the body
- Kidneys: filter waste and excess substances from blood
- Liver: detoxifies harmful substances
- Skin, lungs, and kidneys: eliminate waste products
5. Regulation and Control
- Nervous system: receives and responds to stimuli
- Endocrine system: produces hormones to regulate various functions
- Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment
6. Growth and Development
- Increase in size and complexity
- Differentiation: formation of specialized cells and tissues
- Morphogenesis: formation of body shape and structure
7. Reproduction
- Production of offspring
- Sexual reproduction: fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells)
- Asexual reproduction: production of offspring without gametes
8. Response to Stimuli
- Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment
- Sensory organs: detect light, sound, touch, taste, and smell
- Motor responses: muscle contractions and relaxations
Life Processes
- Life processes are a series of activities performed by living organisms to maintain their existence and ensure survival.
- Essential functions necessary for an organism to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and maintain homeostasis.
Nutrition
- Ingestion involves taking in food and nutrients.
- Digestion breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones through mechanical and chemical means.
- Absorption involves the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream through the walls of the digestive system.
- Assimilation uses absorbed nutrients for energy and growth.
Respiration
- Breathing in oxygen (O2) is necessary for cellular respiration.
- Cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.
- Breathing out carbon dioxide (CO2) is a byproduct of cellular respiration.
Transportation
- The circulatory system, comprising heart, blood vessels, and blood, enables the movement of substances within the body.
- Oxygen, nutrients, and waste products are transported throughout the body.
Excretion
- Excretion involves the removal of waste products from the body.
- Kidneys filter waste and excess substances from blood.
- The liver detoxifies harmful substances.
- Skin, lungs, and kidneys eliminate waste products.
Regulation and Control
- The nervous system receives and responds to stimuli.
- The endocrine system produces hormones to regulate various functions.
- Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment.
Growth and Development
- Growth involves an increase in size and complexity.
- Differentiation involves the formation of specialized cells and tissues.
- Morphogenesis involves the formation of body shape and structure.
Reproduction
- Reproduction involves the production of offspring.
- Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells).
- Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without gametes.
Response to Stimuli
- Response to stimuli involves the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.
- Sensory organs detect light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
- Motor responses involve muscle contractions and relaxations.
Life Processes
Photosynthesis
- Converts light energy into chemical energy in plants, algae, and some bacteria
- Equation: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6 O₂
- Oxygen production supports aerobic respiration in living organisms
- Provides energy for plant growth and development
- Supports food chains and webs by producing glucose
Respiration
- Generates energy from glucose in cells
- Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy (ATP)
- Aerobic respiration occurs in presence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration in its absence
- Releases energy for cellular activities
- Vital for energy production in all living organisms
Nutrition
- Obtaining and utilizing nutrients for energy and growth
- Autotrophic nutrition: producing own food through photosynthesis
- Heterotrophic nutrition: obtaining food from other sources, e.g., ingestion
- Essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues
- Supports overall health and well-being
Transportation
- Movement of materials within an organism
- Passive transport: diffusion and osmosis
- Active transport: pumps and carrier proteins
- Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Removes waste products
- Maintains homeostasis
Excretion
- Removes waste products from the body
- Kidneys filter blood and excrete urine
- Lungs exhale carbon dioxide
- Skin removes waste through sweat
- Liver detoxifies and excretes bile
- Removes toxic substances
- Maintains chemical balance and homeostasis
- Supports overall health and well-being
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Description
Learn about the essential functions of living organisms, including nutrition, to grow, respond, reproduce, and maintain homeostasis.
