Life Processes: Nutrition and Respiration

Life Processes

Nutrition

• Ingestion: taking in food and nutrients
• Digestion: breaking down food into smaller molecules
• Absorption: taking in nutrients through the bloodstream
• Assimilation: using nutrients for energy and growth
• Egestion: removing waste products

Respiration

• Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
• Aerobic respiration: uses oxygen, produces ATP and water
• Anaerobic respiration: does not use oxygen, produces ATP and lactic acid
• Breathing: inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Transport

• Circulatory system: transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
• Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries
• Blood: transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products

Regulation and Control

• Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment
• Negative feedback loops: regulating body temperature, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure
• Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions

Growth and Development

• Cell growth: increase in cell size
• Cell division: process of cell reproduction
• Differentiation: development of specialized cells and tissues
• Morphogenesis: development of body shape and form

Response to Stimuli

• Reflexes: automatic responses to stimuli
• Sensory receptors: detect changes in the environment
• Nervous system: transmits and interprets sensory information
• Response: reaction to stimuli, such as movement or secretion.

Life Processes

Nutrition

• Food and nutrients are taken in through the process of ingestion
• Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules using mechanical and chemical methods
• Absorption occurs when nutrients are taken in through the bloodstream, which then transports them to cells
• Assimilation is the process by which cells use absorbed nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance
• Egestion is the removal of waste products from the body

Respiration

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose
• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces ATP and water, releasing energy
• Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces ATP and lactic acid, releasing less energy
• Breathing involves the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide through the lungs

Transport

• The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
• Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, make up the circulatory system
• Blood plays a crucial role in transport, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from cells

Regulation and Control

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, despite changes in external conditions
• Negative feedback loops regulate body temperature, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure
• Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that regulate various bodily functions

Growth and Development

• Cell growth involves an increase in cell size, usually through the accumulation of cell components
• Cell division is the process of cell reproduction, resulting in two daughter cells
• Differentiation is the development of specialized cells and tissues, each with unique functions
• Morphogenesis is the development of body shape and form, resulting from the interaction of cells and tissues

Response to Stimuli

• Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli, involving the nervous system but not the brain
• Sensory receptors detect changes in the environment, such as light, sound, and touch
• The nervous system transmits and interprets sensory information, allowing for a response
• Responses to stimuli can include movement, secretion, or other reactions.

Learn about the life processes of nutrition and respiration, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion, as well as cellular, aerobic, and anaerobic respiration.