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Questions and Answers
What is the first stage of nutrition in living organisms?
What is the process of generating energy from glucose in cells?
What is the function of the blood circulation system?
What is the process of removing waste products from the body?
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What is homeostasis in living organisms?
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What is the process of specialization of cells for specific functions?
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What is the type of reproduction that involves the production of offspring through gametes?
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What is the ability of living organisms to respond to stimuli?
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Study Notes
Life Processes
Life processes are the essential functions that occur within living organisms to maintain life. These processes are necessary for the survival, growth, and reproduction of living things.
Nutrition
- Ingestion: taking in food and nutrients
- Digestion: breaking down food into simpler molecules
- Absorption: absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
- Assimilation: using absorbed nutrients for energy, growth, and repair
- Egestion: removal of waste products
Respiration
- Breathing: taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
- Cellular respiration: process of generating energy from glucose
Transportation
- Blood circulation: transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
- Water transport: movement of water and minerals in plants
Excretion
- Removal of waste products: excretion of waste products through kidneys, liver, and skin
Regulation
- Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment
- Hormonal regulation: regulation of bodily functions through hormones
Growth and Development
- Cell growth: increase in cell size and number
- Cell differentiation: specialization of cells for specific functions
- Development: growth and development from zygote to maturity
Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction: production of offspring without gametes
- Sexual reproduction: production of offspring through gametes
- Meiosis: process of gamete formation
Response to Stimuli
- Sensitivity: ability to respond to stimuli
- Irritability: ability to respond to stimuli through muscle contraction or nerve impulse
Life Processes
- Living organisms require life processes to maintain life, enabling survival, growth, and reproduction.
Nutrition
- Ingestion involves taking in food and nutrients through the mouth.
- Digestion breaks down food into simpler molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the small intestine.
- Assimilation uses absorbed nutrients for energy, growth, and repair of body tissues.
- Egestion removes waste products from the body through the anus.
Respiration
- Breathing involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide through the lungs.
- Cellular respiration generates energy from glucose, producing ATP.
Transportation
- Blood circulation transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
- Water transport in plants moves water and minerals from roots to leaves.
Excretion
- The kidneys filter waste products from the blood, excreting them in urine.
- The liver breaks down toxins and excess nutrients, excreting them in bile.
- The skin excretes waste products through sweating.
Regulation
- Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment, regulating temperature, pH, and water balance.
- Hormonal regulation controls bodily functions, such as growth and development, through hormones.
Growth and Development
- Cell growth increases cell size and number, contributing to growth and tissue repair.
- Cell differentiation specialises cells for specific functions, such as nerve cells or muscle cells.
- Development involves growth and development from a single cell (zygote) to maturity.
Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction produces offspring without gametes, through binary fission or budding.
- Sexual reproduction produces offspring through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells).
- Meiosis is the process of gamete formation, involving reduction division.
Response to Stimuli
- Sensitivity enables organisms to respond to stimuli, such as light, temperature, or touch.
- Irritability involves responding to stimuli through muscle contraction or nerve impulse.
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Description
Understand the essential functions of life processes, including nutrition, that occur within living organisms to maintain life.
