Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of nutrition in living organisms?
Which type of nutrition is characteristic of plants?
What is the primary function of respiration in living organisms?
What is the term for the transportation of fluids, nutrients, and waste products through the lymphatic vessels?
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What is the primary function of excretion in living organisms?
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What is the primary function of the nervous system in regulation and control?
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Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?
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What is the term for the development of specialized cells and tissues?
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What is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment?
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What is the term for the production of offspring by an organism?
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Study Notes
Life Processes
Nutrition
- Involves the intake of nutrients, their digestion, absorption, and utilization by the body
- Types of nutrition:
- Autotrophic: organisms that produce their own food (e.g. plants)
- Heterotrophic: organisms that obtain food from other sources (e.g. animals)
- Modes of nutrition:
- Holozoic: solid food particles are ingested (e.g. animals)
- Saprotrophic: obtaining nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter (e.g. fungi)
- Parasitic: obtaining nutrients from another living organism (e.g. parasites)
Respiration
- Process of generating energy from the food we eat
- Involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- Types of respiration:
- Aerobic: occurs in the presence of oxygen (e.g. cellular respiration)
- Anaerobic: occurs in the absence of oxygen (e.g. fermentation)
Transportation
- Movement of substances within an organism
- Types of transportation:
- Blood circulation: transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products through the bloodstream
- Lymphatic system: transportation of fluids, nutrients, and waste products through the lymphatic vessels
- Transpiration: transportation of water and minerals through the xylem in plants
Excretion
- Removal of waste products from the body
- Types of excretion:
- Kidney excretion: removal of waste products through the kidneys (e.g. urine)
- Skin excretion: removal of waste products through the skin (e.g. sweat)
- Respiratory excretion: removal of waste products through the lungs (e.g. carbon dioxide)
Regulation and Control
- Maintenance of homeostasis: the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
- Types of regulation and control:
- Nervous system: control and coordination of body functions through the nervous system
- Endocrine system: control and coordination of body functions through hormones
- Feedback mechanisms: regulation of body functions through negative feedback loops
Growth and Development
- Increase in size and complexity of an organism
- Types of growth and development:
- Physical growth: increase in size and weight of an organism
- Differentiation: development of specialized cells and tissues
- Morphogenesis: development of shape and form of an organism
Reproduction
- Production of offspring by an organism
- Types of reproduction:
- Sexual reproduction: production of offspring through the fusion of gametes (e.g. sperm and egg)
- Asexual reproduction: production of offspring without the fusion of gametes (e.g. budding, binary fission)
Life Processes
Nutrition
- Autotrophic nutrition involves producing own food through photosynthesis, characteristic of plants
- Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food from other sources, characteristic of animals
- Holozoic nutrition involves ingesting solid food particles, characteristic of animals
- Saprotrophic nutrition involves obtaining nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter, characteristic of fungi
- Parasitic nutrition involves obtaining nutrients from another living organism, characteristic of parasites
Respiration
- Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces ATP
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid or ethanol
- Cellular respiration is the process of generating energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen
Transportation
- Blood circulation transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products through the bloodstream
- Lymphatic system transports fluids, nutrients, and waste products through lymphatic vessels
- Transpiration transports water and minerals through the xylem in plants
Excretion
- Kidney excretion involves removing waste products through the kidneys, resulting in urine
- Skin excretion involves removing waste products through the skin, resulting in sweat
- Respiratory excretion involves removing waste products through the lungs, resulting in carbon dioxide
Regulation and Control
- Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
- Nervous system controls and coordinates body functions through nerve impulses
- Endocrine system controls and coordinates body functions through hormones
- Feedback mechanisms regulate body functions through negative feedback loops
Growth and Development
- Physical growth involves an increase in size and weight of an organism
- Differentiation involves the development of specialized cells and tissues
- Morphogenesis involves the development of shape and form of an organism
Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction involves the production of offspring through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg)
- Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes, characteristic of budding and binary fission
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of nutrition, including types of nutrition such as autotrophic and heterotrophic, and modes of nutrition like holozoic, saprotrophic, and parasitic.