Life Cycle of Plasmodium: Pre-erythrocytic Stage

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Questions and Answers

What is the initial phase of the life cycle of Plasmodium known as?

Sporozoite stage

Pre-erythrocytic stage (correct)

Hepatic stage

Erythrocytic stage

What happens to sporozoites during the pre-erythrocytic stage?

They disappear from circulation. (correct)

They transform into merozoites.

They multiply rapidly in the bloodstream.

They enter red blood cells directly.

Which cells do sporozoites invade during the pre-erythrocytic stage?

Hepatic cells (correct)

Erythrocytes

Platelets

Leukocytes

In which stage does the hepatic cycle occur for Plasmodium?

Pre-erythrocytic stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sporozoites in the life cycle of Plasmodium?

They invade and develop within the liver. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary therapeutic use of chloroquine?

It controls acute, recurrent attacks of malaria. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species of Plasmodium is chloroquine effective against?

All species including P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.malariae, and P.ovale Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the curative effect of chloroquine?

Chloroquine is effective for symptom control but not a complete cure. Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does chloroquine have in malaria treatment?

It is ineffective against chronic malaria cases. Signup and view all the answers

What stage does the malaria parasite have in the liver with ovale malaria?

Dormant stage Signup and view all the answers

Why might chloroquine not be considered a radical cure for malaria?

It does not eliminate the parasites from the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how primaquine should be administered?

Orally Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for not administering primaquine parenterally?

Severe hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of primaquine's pharmacokinetics?

Well absorbed when administered orally Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the use of primaquine in malaria treatment?

To target dormant liver stages Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reported effects associated with resistance in some countries?

Transient heart block Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom has NOT been reported in relation to resistance?

Sudden weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Alongside transient heart block, what other clinical effect has been reported?

Decrease in blood neutrophile count Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the content, which phenomenon is identified as developing in some countries?

Antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical response observed alongside resistance phenomena?

Transient heart block Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which certain anti-parasitic drugs operate?

Inhibition of parasite calcium dependent ATPase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypnozoites are not affected by the discussed anti-parasitic drugs?

Liver hypnozoites Signup and view all the answers

Which form of artemesinin can be administered intramuscularly?

Artesunate Signup and view all the answers

In what way can artemesinin be administered?

Orally or intramuscularly Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pharmacokinetics of artemesinin and artesunate is correct?

Both artemisinin and artesunate can be administered orally Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Sporozoites invade hepatic cells during the pre-erythrocytic stage, disappearing rapidly from circulation.
This stage is also referred to as the hepatic cycle.

Chloroquine

Utilized to manage acute and recurrent malaria attacks but does not provide radical cure.
Effective against all species of Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale.
Particularly important for treating P. ovale malaria, which has a dormant liver stage.

Primaquine

Administered orally and exhibits good absorption.
Not suitable for parenteral use due to risk of severe hypotension.
Acts by inhibiting parasite calcium-dependent ATPase.
Ineffective against liver hypnozoites, which are dormant forms of the parasite.

Administered orally or via intramuscular injection; artesunate is also available in oral form.
Resistance to these drugs is emerging in certain regions.
Adverse drug reactions (ADR) include transient heart block, reduced blood neutrophil count, and temporary fever episodes.

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Description

This quiz explores the pre-erythrocytic stage of the Plasmodium life cycle. It focuses on the invasion of sporozoites into hepatic cells and the significance of this phase in the malaria infection process. Test your knowledge of this crucial stage in the life cycle of the malaria parasite.