Life Cycle Nutrition: Lactation

<p>Unmodified cow’s milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education and family support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short- and long-term medical benefits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sources of iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not require education or support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune-protective proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower rates of ear infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Additional dietary sources of iron should be introduced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutritional composition changes within days and weeks following birth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low vitamin D concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By facilitating the absorption of low-concentration nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placing infants on their backs to sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote a healthy microbiome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher IQ in childhood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colostrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education of physicians and training of lactation consultants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of bioactive peptides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colicky behavior in infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It quenches thirst and is high in lactose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of obesity in infancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increase texture from pureed to soft lumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using honey in infant foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stuffing the baby will help them sleep through the night (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respect the infant's appetite cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusively cow's milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overuse of antibiotics and increased cleanliness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual exposure to small amounts of allergens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food intolerance does not involve the immune system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lead to intolerance linked to ADHD. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced risk of anaphylaxis from accidental exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast milk or iron fortified formula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a strong extrusion reflex and inadequate head control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At 6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing solid foods before 6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 kcal/kg for infants vs. 40 kcal/kg for 20-year-olds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strict monitoring of hydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Honey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of tooth material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin rash or respiratory symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citrus fruit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3% to 5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peanut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extended oral bacterial exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An immediate and severe allergic response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increase texture from pureed to soft lumps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Honey is safe to introduce within the first year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to 'milk anemia' if not balanced with other foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing infants to select foods from a wide variety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may impact the development of taste preferences negatively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food allergies involve the immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system's acceptance of specific food proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygiene theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increasing exposure can help develop oral tolerance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast milk or formula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food dyes may be related to ADHD but not food allergies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants lack an adequate head control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 kcal/kg vs. 40 kcal/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk for allergies, especially gluten (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits and vegetables for vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants are composed of more water than adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of tooth material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every few days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altered jaw line shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphylaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retest the food after a wash-out period of 1-2 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peanuts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin rash and respiratory symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immune system recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feeding a baby only breast milk for the first 6 months of life

Foods introduced alongside breast milk, usually starting around 6 months of age.

Introduction of foods with iron, which begins when babies are around 6 months old.

Cow's milk should not be given until after 1 year of age.

Exclusive breastfeeding duration (only breast milk).

Breastfeeding is the best way to feed infants; it is not just a lifestyle choice but a vital public health issue.

Breastfeeding ability is a learned skill, requiring education and support.

Infant nutrition is considered a public health concern, emphasizing its importance.

Nutrients present in small amounts in breast milk are absorbed very efficiently by the infant's body. This is because the milk contains special proteins that enhance absorption. For example, iron is present at low concentrations, but specialized proteins in milk facilitate its uptake.

Breast milk contains immune-protective proteins, such as antibacterial and antiviral proteins, which protect the infant from infections.

Breast milk contains antibodies specifically designed by the mother's immune system to target pathogens prevalent in the baby's environment. These antibodies offer targeted protection.

Breast milk contains significant amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates that act as food for beneficial bacteria in the infant's gut, promoting a healthy gut microbiome.

Breast milk contains hundreds, perhaps thousands, of bioactive peptides and molecules with currently unknown functions. These substances contribute to the complexity and benefits of breast milk.

Although breast milk is generally ideal, it contains relatively low levels of vitamin D compared to current recommendations. Supplementation is often needed.

Breast milk contains sufficient iron to meet the infant's needs for the first approximately six months, but additional sources of iron should be introduced after that.

Ensuring successful breastfeeding requires a coordinated effort among health care providers, including education and training for doctors, nurses, and lactation consultants.

Breastfeeding provides numerous health benefits for infants, including reduced risk of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ear infections, as well as lower chances of SIDS, obesity, food allergies, and certain autoimmune diseases.

Human breast milk adapts to the infant's needs, changing composition and volume throughout the day, within a feeding, and over time. It provides a unique mix of nutrients and immune factors tailored for infant growth and development.

The first milk produced after birth, rich in immune factors, providing essential protection for the newborn's developing immune system.

Within a feeding, breast milk changes from watery 'foremilk' (high volume/lactose) to fatty 'hindmilk' (high fat). Foremilk quenches thirst, while hindmilk signals satiety and provides concentrated nutrients.

Encouraging infants to sleep on their backs has significantly reduced SIDS rates, contributing to safer sleep environments for babies.

The decline in SIDS rates over the past decades is attributed to several factors, including the Back to Sleep campaign, increased breastfeeding rates, and a decrease in smoking during pregnancy and in the home.

Increased breastfeeding rates are linked to a reduced risk of SIDS, contributing to improved infant health and safety.

Secondhand smoke exposure is a significant risk factor for SIDS, highlighting the importance of smoke-free environments for babies.

Starting with pureed foods and gradually increasing texture as the infant develops head control and hand-eye coordination for grabbing.

Promote the use of open cups and self-feeding, allowing infants to explore and learn with their hands.

Introduce whole cow's milk after one year of age, weaning from breast milk or formula.

Never feed honey to infants due to the risk of botulism, a serious illness.

Refrain from feeding infants sweets, including desserts and sugary drinks, as this can lead to dental problems and unhealthy eating habits.

The overuse of antibiotics and increasing cleanliness can cause the immune system to overreact to harmless substances like food proteins, leading to allergies.

The ability of the immune system to recognize and tolerate harmless food proteins, preventing allergic reactions.

A treatment method where small, gradually increasing amounts of an allergen are given to build tolerance and prevent allergic reactions.

Allergies involve the immune system, leading to reactions like hives or anaphylaxis. Intolerances are reactions without immune involvement, like digestive discomfort.

Food dyes may be linked to ADHD symptoms, but not food allergies. This is an example of food intolerance.

Tooth decay caused by prolonged exposure to sugary liquids in a bottle, especially at night, leading to erosion of enamel and potentially impacting jaw development and teeth alignment.

Introducing new foods to infants one at a time, every few days to observe for allergic reactions.

Allergic reactions in infants are common with foods such as egg white, soy, milk, and citrus fruit.

Food allergies are triggered by proteins or protein fragments that pass through the intestinal lining, initiating an immune response.

A severe allergic reaction characterized by airway constriction and a sudden drop in blood pressure (anaphylactic shock), requiring immediate epinephrine treatment.

Food allergies affect 3-5% of children and 1% of adults, with peanut, tree nuts, fish/shellfish, egg, milk, soy, and wheat being the most common culprits for anaphylaxis.

These ingredients can disrupt cues regarding food, leading to potential overconsumption and unhealthy eating habits.

While food allergies are more common in children, they still affect 7.7% of adults, mainly due to a persistent reaction to previously identified allergens.

After a 'wash-out' period of 1-2 months, a food suspected of causing an allergic reaction can be reintroduced cautiously, especially if there is a family history.

Many infants outgrow food allergies in early childhood, but ongoing allergies require strict avoidance of the triggering food.

The first year of life is when a baby grows at the fastest rate compared to any other stage of life.

Infants require significantly higher energy and certain nutrients per kilogram of body weight compared to adults.

Breast milk or iron-fortified formula is the primary food source for the first year of life.

Newborns receive a vitamin K injection at birth to help with blood clotting, as their gut bacteria haven't fully developed.

Infants are more prone to dehydration due to their higher water content and immature kidneys.

No solid foods should be given to infants before 6 months of age, as they are not developmentally ready and it can increase allergy risk.

Iron-rich foods like cereals, meats, and fruits should be gradually introduced after 6 months, as the infant's iron stores deplete.

Juice should never be given from a bottle, as it can cause dental problems and doesn't provide the necessary nutrients.

The first year of life is when a baby experiences the most rapid growth compared to any other stage of life.

Newborns receive a vitamin K injection at birth to help with blood clotting as their gut bacteria haven't fully developed.

Juice, especially from a bottle, is not recommended for infants as it can lead to dental problems and doesn't offer the necessary nutrients.

Introduce whole cow's milk after one year of age, weaning from breast milk or formula.

Never feed honey to infants due to the risk of botulism, a serious illness.

Refrain from feeding infants sweets, including desserts and sugary drinks, as this can lead to dental problems and unhealthy eating habits.

Introducing new foods one at a time, every few days, helps identify potential allergic reactions in infants.

Egg white, soy, milk, and citrus fruit are common allergens for infants.