Infant Nutrition

about 2 years of age

triple

50%

<p>to support rapid growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>certain death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>suckling (nursing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>not provided in the content, but generally it is due to the unique nutritional profile and immunological benefits of breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a healthy baby doubles its birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The let-down reflex is the release of milk from the breast tissue, triggered by oxytocin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embarrassment, emotional stress, pain, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants who are breastfed have a lower risk of SIDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional stress and tension can block the let-down reflex, reducing milk production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>approximately 800 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If milk is not fully removed, milk production soon ceases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, these procedures can disrupt the nerves and milk-producing tissue in the breasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast milk and infant formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colostrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mature human milk is more watery and may have a slightly bluish color compared to cow's milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps fight infections and hastens the maturation of the baby's immune and digestive systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast milk production requires a considerable amount of energy, which helps the woman lose weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding lowers the risks of breast cancer (before menopause) and ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human milk is readily available, free of bacteria, and does not require mixing, bottling, or warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colostrum undergoes a transition to mature milk by the end of the first week of lactation, changing its composition to meet the changing needs of a growing infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusive breastfeeding provides maximum benefits for the infant and mother, including a lower risk of diseases and faster weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2300 to 2400 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain adequate milk volume and keep the body properly hydrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol, caffeine, and medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because human milk may contain inadequate amounts of vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the amount of zinc and iron in breast milk may no longer meet their needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>84%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable the baby's body to form vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of information about and support for breastfeeding their babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By observing their babies for cues indicating they are full</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaining weight normally and having six or more wet diapers, as well as one or two bowel movements with soft stools per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they need to return to work and have caregivers feed their babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlisting the support of a female relative or friend who has successfully breastfed her children, and having a partner who understands and appreciates the function of the human breast as a source of nourishment for infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are highly perishable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulas lack cholesterol and human antibodies and other unique immune system factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat-treated proteins from cow’s milk, lactose and/or sucrose, and vegetable oil, as well as vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide information and advice about breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>La Leche League</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fat content of human milk changes during each feeding session, increasing as the infant continues to suckle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microwaving can destroy immune factors in human milk and create hot spots that can scald an infant's tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron-fortified formula provides essential iron for infant growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cow's milk is too high in calcium, sodium, potassium, and protein, and lacks essential nutrients like vitamin E, iron, and fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uniform composition of formula does not change during a feeding session, which can lead to overfeeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Casein is a major protein in cow's milk that can be difficult for infants to digest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole milk contains high levels of saturated fat, which can contribute to unhealthy diets in young children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'hind milk' has a higher fat content, which can help the baby feel satisfied and discontinue feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soy protein-based formulas provide an alternative source of protein for infants with cow's milk protein allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The baby should be offered the remaining milk to drink within 2 hours, and then discard any leftover milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduce a single new food into the infant's diet over a period of several days and watch the baby for signs of allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 6 months of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it helps the child learn about different tastes, odors, and textures and master self-feeding by about 10 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruit juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may contain spores of Clostridium botulinum that can produce a potentially fatal toxin in infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to overfeeding and does not help the child learn self-feeding skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small pieces of hard or coarse foods, such as whole nuts, grapes, chunks of cooked meat, raw carrot 'coins,' and popcorn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may increase the child's risk of food allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help the child bite and chew food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 6 months of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 1 and 2 years of age, but only as part of a diet that supplies 30% of total calories from fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 4 to 6 months of age, when babies are physically mature enough to consume solids and their kidney functions are more developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain due to the fructose and sorbitol in pear, apple, and prune juice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal gas and pain, bloating, or constipation, skin rash called eczema, runny nose and breathing difficulties, such as asthma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent their children from developing such allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be contaminated with bacteria or viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron, folate, and vitamins C and D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extrusion reflex, an involuntary response that occurs when a solid or semisolid object is placed in an infant’s mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ease acceptance and swallowing of the new food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soft, cooked cereal; ground meat or chicken mixed with breast milk or formula; cooked pureed or mashed green beans or squash, and peeled, mashed fruit, such as ripe bananas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The slow sucking of carbohydrate-containing fluids at bedtime, allowing bacteria to feed and produce acid that damages teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor for any signs of an allergic reaction or intolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weaning is the gradual process of shifting an infant from breastfeeding or bottle-feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods, requiring the infant to develop the ability to sit up with back support, coordinate muscular control over mouth and neck movements, and lose the extrusion reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of baby bottle caries by preventing the fermentation of carbohydrates by oral bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a small spoon, seating the infant upright, and adding breast milk or formula to the food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-fat or fat-free dairy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfed babies have a lower risk of cow's milk allergy and eczema because breastfeeding provides immune factors and other nutrients that help protect against allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing the risk of baby bottle caries by preventing the formation of acid that damages teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers