Lichens and Fungi Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the fungal component in a lichen?

  • Provides carbon compounds for the photosynthetic partner
  • Provides nitrogen for the photosynthetic partner
  • Provides protection and a suitable environment for growth (correct)
  • Provides a source of energy for the photosynthetic partner

Which of these is NOT a type of lichen?

  • Appendiculate (correct)
  • Crustose
  • Fruticose
  • Foliose

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endophytic fungi?

  • They live in the intercellular spaces of plants
  • They can improve their host's resistance to herbivores
  • They are found in a variety of plant species
  • They are always harmful to their host (correct)

What is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in lichens?

<p>Fragmentation and soredia formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner in a lichen is true?

<p>The relationship can vary in its degree of mutualism and parasitism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms are NOT protists?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of plasmodial slime molds?

<p>They exist as a single, multinucleate mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cellular slime molds obtain their food?

<p>By engulfing food particles through phagocytosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hypermastigotes in termites?

<p>They provide a symbiotic relationship, digesting cellulose in the termite's gut. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the amoeboid stage that cellular slime molds form when they aggregate?

<p>Fruiting body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reproductive method for glomeromycetes?

<p>Asexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of basidiomycetes?

<p>Absence of a diploid stage in their life cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symbiotic relationship do leaf-cutter ants have with the fungi they cultivate?

<p>Mutualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Streptomyces bacteria in the symbiotic relationship between leaf-cutter ants and their fungal gardens?

<p>They produce antibiotics that kill competing fungi. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glomeromycetes benefit from their association with plants?

<p>They help the plant absorb water and nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a basidiocarp?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the basidium in the life cycle of basidiomycetes?

<p>It is a transient diploid stage in the life cycle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological role of fungi as decomposers?

<p>They help to break down dead organisms and waste products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal phylum is characterized by the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants?

<p><em>Glomeromycota</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fungal phylum?

<p><em>Bryophyta</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal phylum produces sexual spores internally in sacs called asci?

<p><em>Ascomycota</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for a fungal infection in animals?

<p>Mycosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

<p>Autotrophic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus?

<p>Aflatoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is NOT included in the supergroup Unikonta?

<p>Chromalveolata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of slime molds?

<p>They were once thought to be fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lichen

A symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism.

Endophytic fungi

Fungi that live inside the intercellular spaces of plants.

Bioindicators

Organisms used to assess environmental health, like lichens indicating air quality.

Asexual reproduction in lichens

Occurs via fragmentation or soredia, clusters of hyphae with algae.

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Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes

Two main types of fungi in lichens; ascomycetes are most common.

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Glomeromycetes

A phylum that forms arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants and reproduces asexually.

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Basidiomycetes

Phylum known for mushrooms, producing basidia and basidiospores.

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Basidiospores

Sexual spores produced by basidia in basidiocarps.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizae

A type of mycorrhiza formed by Glomeromycetes with plant roots.

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Fungi as decomposers

Fungi that recycle elements between living and nonliving worlds.

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Endophytes

Symbiotic fungi living inside plant tissues, providing defense.

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Leaf-cutter ants and fungi

Ants that cultivate fungi in gardens for food, showing mutualism.

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Club fungi

Common name for Basidiomycetes due to their club-like structures.

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Zygomycota

Fungal phylum characterized by a resistant zygosporangium as the sexual stage.

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Glomeromycota

Fungal phylum that forms arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants, enhancing nutrient uptake.

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Basidiomycota

Fungal phylum known for its elaborate fruiting body called basidiocarp that produces basidiospores.

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Ascomycota

Fungal phylum where sexual spores are produced in sacs called asci; also produces conidia for asexual reproduction.

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Mycosis

A general term for a fungal infection occurring in animals.

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Fusarium

Genus of fungi that secretes toxins such as vomitoxin, making food poisonous.

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Unikonta

A supergroup that includes animals, fungi, and some related protists.

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Amoebozoans

Amoebas with lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia, including slime molds.

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Plasmodium in slime molds

A mass formed by plasmodial slime molds, undivided and containing diploid nuclei.

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Cellular slime molds

Multicellular aggregates where cells retain their membranes and can form fruiting bodies.

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Gymnamoebas

Unicellular amoebozoans found in soil and aquatic environments, known for being heterotrophic.

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Entamoeba histolytica

A parasitic entamoeba causing amebic dysentery in humans.

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Photosynthetic protists

Aquatic producers that obtain energy from sunlight, key in food webs.

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