Lichen Planus and Lymphocyte Activation

What are the four classic clinical features of lichen planus?

What type of immunity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus?

What does the term 'lichen planus' mean in Greek and Latin?

What cytokine plays a central role in lichen planus?

Which receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of IFN-–producing CD4-Th cells?

Which cells are likely the terminal effector cells in lichen planus?

Which cytokine upregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lesional T lymphocytes of oral lichen planus?

What is correlated with high levels of ulcerative disease in lichen planus?

What is the effector cell of lichen planus?

What do Langerhans cells upregulate in lichenoid disease?

Which type of immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus?

What role do CD4-Th cells play after costimulation by Langerhans cells?

What do circulating antibodies indicate in lichen planus?

What might act as haptens and elicit an immunologic response in lichen planus?

What has been found in patients with oral lichenoid tissue reactions?

What has been implicated in dysregulated cytokine production and the development of lichenoid tissue reactions?

What has elicited recurring debate regarding its role in the development of lichen planus?

What has been identified as potentially stimulating a lymphocytic reaction leading to lichen planus?

What type of immunity is primarily involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus?

Which cells are consistently found in the dermis despite disease chronicity in lichen planus?

According to modern theories, what are the three major stages encompassing the pathogenesis of lichen planus?

What is the role of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of lichen planus?

What is the role of CD8-Tc cells in lichen planus?

Which cell type is reported to express a lichen planus–specific antigen associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes?

Where are the CD4-Th population localized in lichen planus?

Which cells play a central role in antigen presentation and the initiation of the Th1 response in lichen planus?

What type of T cells release inflammatory cytokines upon costimulation by Langerhans cells in lichen planus?

Which component of dental amalgam has been found to enhance lymphocyte reactivity in patients with oral lichen planus?

What type of reaction may low-grade chronic exposure to mercury and other metals stimulate in lichen planus?

What has been implicated in the dysregulated cytokine production leading to lichenoid tissue reactions?

What is the peak age range for the onset of lichen planus?

What percentage of lichen planus cases does childhood lichen planus account for in the general population?

Is there a clear sexual or racial predilection in lichen planus?

What are the characteristics of familial lichen planus?

Which HLA haplotype is more common in patients with oral lichen planus alone?

What is the characteristic color of the skin lesions in lichen planus?

Which feature of lichen planus is more easily visualized with dermoscopy?

Which area of the body is the most commonly involved in lichen planus?

What is the typical morphology of the cutaneous lesions in lichen planus?

Which area is considered atypical for classic lichen planus?

What is the primary characteristic of lichen planus?

Which region is commonly involved in inverse lichen planus?

What is the isomorphic phenomenon exhibited by lichen planus in the acute setting?

Which population has shown a predominance of childhood lichen planus in the United States?

What is the term used for the annular lesions found in approximately 10% of lichen planus cases?

What pattern may linear lichen planus follow?

What is thought to be related to postzygotic, somatic mutations in susceptibility-associated genes in cases of Blaschkoid lichen planus?

(True/False) Zosteriform and linear lichen planus have been found to be the same disease.

(True/False) Hypopigmentation is common in lichen planus.

What is considered an atypical site for classic lichen planus?

What cells are responsible for attacking fast dividing tissue in GVHD?

What type of signaling drives chronic GVHD?

What characteristic features are seen in lichenoid GVHD?

Which cells are unable to develop GVHD in mice deficient of their receptors?

What is the possible role of IL-17 blockade in lichen planus?

What distinguishes lichenoid GVHD from lichen planus histopathologically?

What is the most common site of involvement of oral lichen planus?

Which form of oral lichen planus is often asymptomatic?

What is the distinguishing feature of erosive and ulcerative oral lichen planus?

What is the most common cause of desquamative gingivitis?

What distinguishes oral lichenoid reactions (OLRs) from oral lichen planus?

What has been identified as a unique lichenoid eruption in individuals with HIV?

Which gender is most commonly affected in cases of esophageal lichen planus?

What type of lesions are commonly present in cases of anal mucosal lichen planus?

What is the most common presentation of vulvar and vaginal lichen planus?

Which area is commonly involved in inverse lichen planus?

What is the characteristic color of the skin lesions in palmoplantar lichen planus?

In which population has inverse lichen planus been most commonly reported?

What are the differential diagnoses for isolated nail lichen planus?

What is a characteristic feature of palmoplantar lichen planus lesions on the hands?

What is the term preferred by some to describe inverse lichen planus?

What is the most common age group affected by the latter two forms of nail lichen planus?

What percentage of individuals with palmoplantar lichen planus have other areas of cutaneous involvement?

What distinguishes palmoplantar lichen planus from other types of lichen planus?

Which pattern is rare and characterized by red-brown, discrete papules and flat-topped plaques?

What color are the yellow, compact keratotic papules or papulonodules seen on the lateral margins of the fingers and hand surfaces in palmoplantar lichen planus?

Which area may be rarely involved in inverse lichen planus?

What is the most common cause of oral lichenoid eruptions?

Which dermatosis has distinct clinical and histologic features and is characterized by lichenoid, keratotic papules and plaques in a seborrheic distribution with characteristic linear or reticulate pattern?

Which variant of lichen planus is characterized by features of lichen planus and lupus erythematosus?

What is the characteristic color of the lesions in lichen planus pemphigoides?

What is the major consideration in the differential diagnosis of lichen planus pemphigoides?

What antigen may be unique for lichen planus pemphigoides?

What is the characteristic distribution pattern of keratosis lichenoides chronica?

What is the characteristic color of the skin lesions in lichen planus–lupus erythematosus overlap?

What type of immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lichenoid graft versus host disease?

Where do hypertrophic lichen planus lesions occur most commonly?

Which variant of lichen planus is characterized by oligo-lesional disease with well-marginated, blue-white papules or plaques with central atrophy?

Where are vesiculobullous lesions in lichen planus more common?

Which area is erosive and ulcerative cutaneous disease more common in lichen planus?

What is the characteristic color of the skin lesions in lichen planus pigmentosus?

What is the primary characteristic of vesiculobullous lichen planus?

Where is follicular lichen planus most commonly found?

Which type of lichen planus is associated with chronic lesions of ulcerative oral lichen planus leading to squamous cell carcinoma?

Where are the lesions of hypertrophic lichen planus most commonly found?

What is a common clinical entity in the differential diagnosis of atrophic lichen planus?

Which morphological feature is characteristic of atrophic lichen planus?

Where is vesiculobullous disease often symptomatic in lichen planus?

Which subtype of lichen planus is characterized by cicatricial alopecia of the scalp, nonscarring alopecia of the axilla and groin, and follicular papules on the trunk and extremities?

Which variant of lichen planus on the scalp consists of diffuse erythema with perifollicular hyperkeratosis and livid erythema?

Which area of the body is most commonly affected by actinic lichen planus?

What is the primary color of the annular well-marginated, hyperpigmented brown-violet, flat-topped plaques associated with actinic lichen planus?

Which condition was once considered uncommon but has seen a dramatic increase in recent years, especially in postmenopausal women?

Which dermoscopic feature aids in the diagnosis of early scarring lichen planopilaris?

What has been identified as potentially stimulating a lymphocytic reaction leading to lichen planus?

What is the long-term sequelae associated with vulvovaginal gingival syndrome?

What has been found in 80% of individuals with vulvovaginal gingival syndrome?

What should be considered in the differential diagnosis if a patient presents with severe oral and ocular disease and a lichenoid infiltrate on biopsy?

What is an irreversible process in nail lichen planus involving the matrix?

Which form of nail lichen planus is characterized by diffuse nail involvement with thinning, longitudinal ridging, and distal nail splitting?

What is the characteristic feature of idiopathic atrophy of the nails?

Which condition may present as cicatricial conjunctivitis?

What is another rare manifestation of lichen planus affecting the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane?

What does dermoscopy aid in the early diagnosis of?

What are the major forms of nail lichen planus?