Library Use: Information Seeking Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary strength of the model discussed?

  • It relies on outdated search behaviors.
  • It incorporates user satisfaction assessments.
  • It is based on theoretical assumptions.
  • It is based on empirical research. (correct)

Which of the following stages comes after Verifying in the process model?

  • Differentiating
  • Extracting (correct)
  • Browsing
  • Ending

In contrast to browsing, what type of process does Differentiating represent?

  • Filtering process (correct)
  • Chaining procedure
  • Verifying stage
  • Extraction of information

What is the first step in Kuhlthou’s Model of Information Seeking Behaviour?

<p>Initiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does a user typically feel anxious and uncertain in Kuhlthou’s model?

<p>Initiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of model is Kuhlthou's considered to be?

<p>Phenomenological model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages in Ellis's model is associated with concluding the information-seeking process?

<p>Ending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ellis's account integrate between different analyses of information behavior?

<p>By blending micro and macro analyses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Wilson's 1997 work focus on regarding information behavior?

<p>Interdisciplinary perspectives of information behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors contributed to the understanding of information seeking in everyday life?

<p>Reijo Savolainen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which publication did Taylor discuss question-negotiation within libraries?

<p>College &amp; Research Libraries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the library survey discussed by McDiarmid?

<p>Problems and methods in library analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics is NOT covered by Wilson according to his various publications?

<p>Information needs of faculty and staff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year did Williams publish his study on the Net Generation and internet usage?

<p>1999 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary theme of the conference proceedings edited by Dervin in 1997?

<p>Information needs and use in different contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is primarily associated with Wilson's 1981 work?

<p>User studies and information needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in Ellis's Model of Information Seeking Behavior?

<p>Starting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Ellis's model involves following citations and bibliographies from initial sources?

<p>Chaining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Differentiating' stage in Ellis's model refer to?

<p>Choosing between sources based on their quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Ellis's model, what is the purpose of the 'Monitoring' stage?

<p>To regularly check for updates from various sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is associated with the 'Extracting' stage of Ellis's model?

<p>Identifying and selecting relevant material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Ending' stage in the information seeking process encompass?

<p>Conducting a final search to consolidate findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does information behavior play when attempting to change external reality?

<p>It can be used to create or dispute information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Browsing' stage in Ellis's model?

<p>Semi-directed searching through various sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Ellis's 1987 research on information retrieval system design?

<p>Behavioral models for information retrieval system design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication discusses the nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior?

<p>A nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theme explored by Erdelez in her 1995 dissertation?

<p>Information encountering beyond information seeking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which author's work focuses on the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists?

<p>Ellis and Haugan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals by Gloria Leckie primarily address?

<p>Information behavior in a professional context (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which work discusses the ecological theory of human information behavior?

<p>Ecological Theory of Human Information Behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the work 'The derivation of a behavioural model for information retrieval system design' published?

<p>1987 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Krikelas introduce in his 1983 work on information seeking behavior?

<p>Patterns and frameworks of information management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the selection stage of Kuhlthau's model?

<p>The user feels uncertain but less anxious about the topic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves forming a clear topic for further exploration?

<p>Formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the collection stage of the information-seeking process?

<p>The user collects information using various search tools. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the assessment stage in Kuhlthau's model?

<p>Evaluating personal accomplishments and self-awareness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the user's anxiety change throughout the exploration stage?

<p>Anxiety decreases as the user explores the topic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome if the user fails to find needed information during the presentation stage?

<p>Feelings of disappointment due to unmet goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Kuhlthau's model?

<p>A process with gradual refinement of the problem area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presentation stage primarily involve?

<p>Accumulating all collected data into a final report. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Wilson's model suggest about the nature of information need?

<p>It is a secondary need arising from more basic needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a cause for information need in Wilson’s model?

<p>Technological advancement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of Dervin's Sense-Making Model?

<p>Situation in time and space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Dervin's Sense-Making Model, what does the 'gap' represent?

<p>The gap between the contextual situation and the desired situation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do barriers play in Wilson's Model of Information Seeking Behavior?

<p>They can be obstacles to satisfying information needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Dervin’s model, how are sense-making strategies defined?

<p>They are the methods used to bridge the gap between situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a person do to reduce the gap in Dervin's Sense-Making Model?

<p>Seek information to change internal reality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main propositions of Wilson’s Model of Information Seeking Behavior?

<p>Information need is a secondary need arising from basic needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Initiation (Kuhlthau's model)

The initial stage of information seeking, where the user recognizes the need for information and begins the process of seeking it.

Exploration (Kuhlthau's model)

The step in the information seeking process where the user explores different information sources and strategies.

Selection (Kuhlthau's model)

The stage where the user narrows down their search by choosing the most relevant information sources.

Formulation (Kuhlthau's model)

The stage where the user develops a clearer understanding of their information need and formulates specific questions or topics.

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Collection (Kuhlthau's model)

The stage where the user gathers relevant information from the chosen sources.

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Presentation (Kuhlthau's model)

The final stage of information seeking, where the user organizes and effectively presents the gathered information.

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Kuhlthau's model

A model that focuses on the stages involved in information seeking, emphasizing the user's feelings and experiences.

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Ellis's Model

A model that analyses information seeking behavior by breaking it down into specific actions or behaviors.

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Changing External Reality

A personal approach to information seeking where an individual actively tries to change their environment to better align with their own beliefs or understanding.

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Differentiating in Information Seeking

This stage involves narrowing down and selecting relevant information sources based on their quality and relevance.

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Bridging the Gap in Information Seeking

A stage where a person seeks out information to bridge a gap in their understanding or knowledge.

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Monitoring in Information Seeking

This encompasses actively seeking out new information from various sources to remain informed and keep up with the latest developments.

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Browsing in Information Seeking

A form of information seeking where a person explores information sources in a less structured, more exploratory manner.

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Starting in Information Seeking

This involves the initial steps of information seeking, such as choosing sources and asking for information.

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Chaining in Information Seeking

This stage involves tracking down information sources and leads found in the initial information sources.

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Extracting in Information Seeking

This step involves summarizing and extracting the most crucial and relevant information from the selected sources.

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Initial Awareness

The initial stage where the user vaguely senses a need for information without a clear topic in mind.

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Selection

The user starts to identify a general area of interest, but feels uncertain and anxious about the specifics.

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Exploration

The user explores the chosen topic, gaining a basic understanding and reducing anxiety.

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Formation

The user focuses on a particular problem or question within the overarching topic.

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Collection

The user actively collects relevant data and information, resulting in a clearer direction and increased confidence.

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Presentation

The user organizes and presents the collected data in a final report, aiming to achieve a specific outcome.

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Assessment

The user reflects on their information seeking process, evaluating success, learning from mistakes, and gaining valuable self-awareness.

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Kuhlthau's Information Seeking Model

A model by Kuhlthau describing the gradual refinement of a research problem, with information searches happening throughout the process.

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Information Seeking Behavior

The study of how people find, use, and interact with information, especially in the context of libraries and information systems.

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Ecological Theory

A model of information-seeking behavior that highlights the importance of the user’s environment and how it influences their information needs and actions.

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General Model of Information Seeking

A model that explains how information seeking behavior can be influenced by factors like the user's knowledge, experience, and goals.

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Behavioral Model for Information Retrieval

A model designed for understanding how users interact with and retrieve information from retrieval systems, such as search engines and databases.

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Nonlinear Model of Information-Seeking

A model suggesting that information seeking is a non-linear process, meaning it is not always a step-by-step progression.

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Information Seeking Patterns of Researchers

Involves understanding the specific information needs and behaviors of different groups of users, such as scientists, engineers, or professionals in a particular field.

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Information Encountering

A concept that emphasizes the encounter with information, suggesting that information can be found unexpectedly or through serendipitous encounters.

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Influence of Uncertainty

A model that emphasizes the role of uncertainty in the information seeking process. It explains how people deal with lack of information while making important decisions.

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Wilson's Model of Information Seeking Behavior

Information seeking behavior model where information needs arise as a secondary need due to more fundamental needs, but also face various obstacles in the process.

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Situation in Time and Space

The initial situation or context where an information need arises, like needing a specific recipe for a dinner party.

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Gap

The difference between the current situation and the desired outcome, like needing to find a recipe that uses only vegetarian ingredients for your dinner party.

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Strategies

The strategies or actions used to bridge the gap and acquire the necessary information, like searching online for vegetarian recipes, asking friends for recommendations, or going to the library.

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Outcome

The result of successful sense-making, resulting in a reduced gap between the current situation and the desired outcome, like successfully finding a suitable vegetarian recipe and having a successful dinner party.

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Dervin's Sense-Making Model

A theory that explains how individuals make sense of their world by actively seeking and processing information to understand and interpret their surroundings.

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Factors Influencing Information Needs & Barriers

Factors that influence the emergence of information needs, like personal circumstances, social roles, and environment. These can also act as obstacles to seeking information.

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Bridging the Gap

The process of acquiring information to modify personal understanding and align it more closely with the perceived reality or 'external reality'.

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Information Behavior

The study of how people interact with information, how they find it, and how they use it in their daily lives.

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Model of Information Seeking Behavior

A representation or framework that explains how people search for and use information. It lays out key steps people take, the factors influencing their decisions, and the outcomes of their information-seeking activities.

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Question-Negotiation Model

An influential model that suggests individuals engage in a systematic process of negotiating questions, finding answers, and evaluating information to meet their information needs.

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Everyday Life Information Seeking

A type of information seeking behavior that focuses on the practical and everyday information needs of individuals. It emphasizes the contextual nature of information use and how people's daily lives influence their information seeking.

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Library Use and User Studies

The study of how people use libraries, how they access resources, and how they interact with library staff. It aims to understand the needs and behaviors of library users to improve services and resource accessibility.

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Library Survey

A method for gathering data about library usage and user needs. It involves surveys, questionnaires, focus groups, or interviews to collect information from library users. The goal is to analyze user patterns and identify areas for improvement.

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Net Generation

The generation of individuals who grew up with widespread access to the internet and digital technologies, shaping their online experiences, information seeking habits, and attitudes towards information. They often prefer digital sources and have different ways of accessing and evaluating information compared to previous generations.

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Interdisciplinary Perspective on Information Behavior

An approach that analyzes and describes the characteristics of information seeking behaviors by individuals. It combines multiple perspectives from various disciplines like library science, communication studies, and psychology.

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Study Notes

Library Use and User Studies: Models of Information Seeking Behavior

  • Subject: Library and Information Science
  • Paper Number: 15
  • Module: 14 Models of Information Seeking Behavior
  • Module ID: LIS/LIUS-M/14
  • Pre-requisites: Information Need, User Study, Library Assessment
  • Objectives: To understand the concept of information seeking and seeking behavior, existing seeking behavior through models, short comings of models, how researchers use electronic information resources, nature of the behavior
  • Keywords: Information seeking behavior, information need, seeking behavior, models
  • Development Team: Dr. Jagdish Arora (Director, INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar), Dr. Arvind K. Sharma (Assistant Professor, Maharani Laxmi Bai Government College of Library and Information Science), Dr. Bhaskara Mukherjee (Associate Professor, Department of Library and Information Science, Guru Ghasidas University)
  • Principal Investigator/Subject Coordinator: Dr. Jagdish Arora
  • Paper Coordinator: Dr. Arvind K Sharma
  • Content Writer: Dr. Bhaskara Mukherjee
  • Content Reviewer: Dr. Arvind K Sharma

Information Behavior

  • Information behavior is the totality of human behavior related to information sources and channels
  • It includes active and passive information seeking and use
  • It involves face-to-face communication, electronic media, and reception of information

Information Seeking

  • Information seeking is identifying a message to satisfy a perceived need
  • It can be active or passive
  • Researchers investigate how individuals seek information

Information Seeking Behavior Models

  • Various models describe the different approaches individuals take to get information
  • Wilson's Model: Wilson's model shows the process of information seeking starts with a user need and involves demands on systems and sources. Success or failure in satisfying the need determines whether the process continues or is repeated
  • Dervin's Sense-Making Model: Dervin's model is a human tool for making sense of reality. Key elements are situation, gap, and outcome
  • Ellis's Model: Ellis's model breaks down information seeking into several stages: starting, searching, chaining, differentiating, extracting, verifying, and ending
  • Kuhlthau's Model: This model highlights stages like initiation, selection, exploration, formulation, collection, presentation and assessment

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