LHB Coach Air-Conditioning Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which company is NOT mentioned as a manufacturer of the RMPU used in LHB coaches?

  • Fedder Lloyd
  • CoolTech Systems (correct)
  • Sidwal
  • Amit Engineering

What type of air-conditioning system is utilized in LHB coaches?

  • Centrifugal chiller system
  • Evaporative cooling system
  • Natural ventilation system
  • Micro-processor controlled air-conditioning system (correct)

Which function is NOT provided by the air-conditioning system in LHB coaches?

  • Air purification (correct)
  • Air filtration
  • Air dehumidification
  • Air heating

How many air-conditioning units are provided in LHB coaches?

<p>Two units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is NOT mentioned as part of the ventilation system for LHB coaches?

<p>Storage room (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary design basis for the LHB coaches' air-conditioning system?

<p>Design from M/S ALSTHOM LHB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RMPU stand for in the context of LHB coaches?

<p>Roof Mounted Package Unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the air-conditioning system handles excess moisture?

<p>Air dehumidification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the compact air conditioning unit in LHB coaches?

<p>To condition air for passenger comfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the outside air mixed with recirculating air in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>By adjusting the positions of air dampers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assembly is NOT part of the AC system for the Passenger and Generator cars?

<p>Heating element unit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the axial fans in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>To assist in the condensing process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the preheating and cooling operation mode, what is done to the outside air dampers?

<p>They are closed to enable quicker temperature adjustment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the fresh air volume of 21 m3/h per person in normal operation mode?

<p>Automated positioning of dampers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components are included in the two separate cooling circuits of the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Two hermetic refrigeration compressors and two condensers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of filters are part of the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Mixed air filters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the compact air conditioning unit installed in LHB coaches?

<p>In a recessed trough matching the car profile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the exhaust air system primarily help to manage?

<p>Removal of stale air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the cooling power request is received in the cooling circuit?

<p>A safety check is performed before turning on the compressor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the adjusting dampers when the AC system fails due to a power supply failure?

<p>They close to operate with outside air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component in the air conditioning system sucks air from the mixing chamber?

<p>The supply air fan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the room set point temperature in winter mode for a selection of 24.0°C?

<p>21.0°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which operational mode does the system use a dedicated service program for testing?

<p>Test mode. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what relative humidity does the dehumidification function activate?

<p>60% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the test mode run before it has to be reset?

<p>2 hours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is introduced when the moisture sensor indicates less than 60% relative humidity during dehumidification?

<p>The extra heater continues operation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the 110V supply located in the controller?

<p>On a front side connector of card A1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maximum percentage of cooling output is allowed during dehumidification service?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to switch to test mode during the testing process?

<p>H (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of the condenser fans in the AC unit?

<p>They suck fresh air through ventilation slots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the emergency mode in the air conditioning system?

<p>Failure of the power supply. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the compensating chamber?

<p>To distribute air into the passenger compartment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the software command 'Z' accomplish during the test mode?

<p>It sets or resets outputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a measuring sensor fails in the system?

<p>Evaluation is taken over by the sensor of another system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixed value is used when the set point generator is defective?

<p>23 degrees C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pre-heating mode, how long must the output be active for the flap to fully open?

<p>At least 90 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mode does the system switch to after achieving an indoor temperature of 14ºC during pre-heating?

<p>Heating in controlled service mode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial condition to start pre-cooling mode?

<p>When the room temperature is above 28ºC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the system use to save energy in both pre-heating and pre-cooling modes?

<p>100% recirculating air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when both room and duct sensors are defective?

<p>The system turns off heating and cooling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component controls the air-conditioning units in controlled service mode?

<p>A microcomputer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exhaust air fan in pre-heating mode?

<p>It must not be running. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the cooling system switch to controlled service mode during pre-cooling?

<p>When the room temperature reaches 28ºC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature range is set for summer mode with the 7-point temperature selector switch?

<p>20.0°C to 24.0°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the moisture sensor during the dehumidification function?

<p>To detect relative humidity levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the extra heater become activated during dehumidification?

<p>When cooling power is insufficient to maintain temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken when a cooling power request is received?

<p>A safety check is conducted prior to compressor activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowed cooling output during dehumidification service?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the air-conditioning units in LHB coaches?

<p>All units used in different car types are identical. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the roof-mounted AC package unit used in LHB coaches?

<p>To facilitate air filtering and air dehumidification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following areas is the concentrated heating function of the air-conditioning system NOT incorporated?

<p>Control room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What task is NOT performed by the AC systems in LHB coaches?

<p>Air pollution measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for maintaining the optimal air quality in the LHB coaches?

<p>Air filter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many compact air-conditioning units do the generator cars of LHB coaches have?

<p>One unit each (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the air-conditioning system is specifically responsible for reducing humidity levels?

<p>Air dehumidification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using micro-processor controlled air-conditioning systems in LHB coaches?

<p>They allow for automatic adjustments based on environmental changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the controlled factor for mixing outside air with recirculating air in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Air dampers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for the supply of air in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Radial fans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended fresh air volume per person in normal operating mode of the AC system?

<p>21 m3/h (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which mode are the outside air dampers closed to enhance rapid temperature changes?

<p>Preheating and cooling operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the cooling circuits in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Heating elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the exhaust air system in the AC system for LHB coaches?

<p>Removing excess moisture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sensors are essential components of the AC system in LHB coaches?

<p>Temperature and humidity sensors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maximum percentage of cooling output is permitted during the dehumidification service?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is designed to prevent excess moisture buildup in the air conditioning system?

<p>Dehumidification function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operating mode enables a specific service program for system testing?

<p>Test mode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digital controller in the air conditioning system?

<p>It manages all controlling and regulating functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which operational mode does the air conditioning system use a dedicated test program?

<p>Test mode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action occurs when the adjusting dampers of the circulating air duct close?

<p>The system operates solely with outside air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for sucking air from the mixing chamber in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Supply air fan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the command 'H' during the testing process?

<p>Start the test mode. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the outputs during the test mode?

<p>They are switched off completely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the layout structure of the supply air duct in the compact air conditioning unit?

<p>Longitudinally split and thermally insulated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In emergency mode, what is the main source of air for the air conditioning system?

<p>Fresh outside air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the software command 'Z' do during the test mode?

<p>Resets any output settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the condenser fans during operation?

<p>To cool the compressor-condenser section. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the emergency mode when the room and duct sensors are defective?

<p>Heating and cooling are turned off, but ventilation continues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does the system start using recirculating air only in pre-heating mode?

<p>At an indoor temperature of less than 14ºC. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fixed value does the system control to when the set point generator is defective?

<p>23 degrees C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for which the output must be active in pre-heating to ensure the flap fully opens?

<p>90 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does pre-cooling mode initiate?

<p>When the indoor temperature is greater than 28ºC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy-saving strategy employed during both pre-heating and pre-cooling modes?

<p>Using 100% recirculating air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What control mechanism governs the air-conditioning units in controlled service mode?

<p>A dedicated microcomputer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the system reaches an indoor temperature of 14ºC during pre-heating?

<p>Heating switches to controlled service mode. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the system take if both duct air and room temperature sensors are defective?

<p>It defaults to a specific temperature setting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fixed value does the system utilize when the duct air temperature sensor is defective?

<p>20 degrees C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

LHB AC Coach Air Conditioning

Advanced air conditioning system in LHB coaches, microprocessor controlled, providing comfort.

Roof Mounted AC Package Unit

Compact AC units, installed on the roof, for various coach types, including passenger cars and generator cars.

Air Conditioning Functions

Provides ventilation, heating, cooling, dehumidification, and air filtration in the coach's compartments.

RMPU AC Coach Package Unit

A specific type of AC unit used in LHB coaches, often Sidwal make.

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Coach Compartments

Passenger areas, staff areas, restrooms, kitchens and switchgear rooms in the train.

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Microprocessor Controlled AC

Computer-like technology that controls the AC system for efficiency and comfort.

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LHB Coach Manufacturers

Coaches made by RCF Kapurthala, based on ALSTHOM LHB design.

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Types of RMPU AC Package Unit

Sidewall, Fedder Lloyd, Amit Engineering, and Lloyd Electric are examples of makers.

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Compact Air Conditioning Unit

A unit designed for air conditioning in 2, 3 tier and chair cars on Indian Railways.

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Fresh Air Screens

Used to intake outside air for conditioning, paired with air filters.

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Air Dampers

Control the mixture of outside air and recirculated air in the AC unit.

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Recirculating Air

Air already inside the carriage that is reused in the cooling process.

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Cooling Circuits

Two separate cooling systems within the compact unit.

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Refrigeration Compressors

Hermetic pumps used to compress refrigerant for cooling.

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Normal Operating Mode

Conditioning setting for the expected fresh air volume (21 m3/h per person).

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Preheating/Cooling Operation

AC mode where external air intake is minimized for faster heating or cooling.

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Outside Air Dampers

Adjustable flaps controlling the intake of outside air.

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Carriage Dimensions

AC unit size matches the interior space of rail cars (no protrusion).

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Recirculating Air Mode

This mode uses only the air inside the coach, with no fresh air intake. The exhaust fans are switched off.

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Room Temperature Control

The microcomputer regulates the room temperature based on the set point, regardless of the air conditioning mode (heating, cooling, or dehumidification).

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Set Point Temperature

The desired temperature you select using a switch, controlling the AC system to reach that specific temperature.

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Cooling Circuit Safety Checks

Before starting the compressor in cooling mode, the system monitors the condenser fan, suction pressure, and high pressure to ensure safe operation.

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Dehumidification Mode

The dehumidification mode activates when humidity reaches 60% or higher and uses the extra heater to control the temperature while removing moisture.

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Emergency Operation

When AC power fails, the system switches to using only outside air by closing circulating air duct dampers.

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Air Circulation in Emergency

The system uses outside air only, drawing it in through ventilation slots and then pushing it through filters and the evaporator before delivering it to the passenger compartment.

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Digital Controller

The brain of the AC system, handling all control and regulation functions, housed in a 19” rack with plug-in cards.

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Test Mode

Allows for testing the AC system using a dedicated program (PRUEFWIN) and a PC connected via serial port.

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Test Mode Command

The 'H' command activates test mode, switching off outputs for 2 hours. Outputs can be manually controlled during this time using the 'Z' command.

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Exiting Test Mode

To leave test mode prematurely, the controller needs to be reset by turning off and on the 110V power supply.

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Control Mode

The normal operating mode of the AC system, where the controller regulates the air temperature and humidity.

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Emergency Mode

The AC system operates at a reduced capacity, often with limited cooling, due to a power supply issue.

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19” Rack Technology

A standard for housing electronic cards, typically used in industries requiring robust and modular electronic systems.

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Eurocard Form Factor

A standard form factor for printed circuit boards, often used in industrial applications and for standardized electronics.

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Outdoor Temperature Sensor Failure

In emergency mode, the system uses the indoor temperature sensor data to control the air conditioning.

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Duct Air Temperature Sensor Failure

When the duct sensor fails, the system uses the outdoor and room temperature sensors to regulate the air conditioning.

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Room Air Temperature Sensor Failure

In emergency mode, the system relies on the duct temperature and outdoor temperature sensors to control the AC.

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Set Point Generator Failure

If the set point generator fails, the AC system maintains a fixed temperature of 23 degrees Celsius.

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Room and Duct Sensors Failure

When both room and duct sensors fail, heating and cooling are shut off, but ventilation remains operational.

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Controlled Service

The fully automatic mode where the AC system regulates temperature using a microcomputer. It adjusts heating, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification based on conditions.

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Pre-heating Mode

Uses maximum heater output until the indoor temperature reaches 14 degrees Celsius. Only recirculated air is used, and the fresh air flap is closed.

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Pre-cooling Mode

Uses maximum cooling output until the indoor temperature reaches 28 degrees Celsius. Only recirculated air is used, and the fresh air flap is closed.

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Energy Saving in Pre-heating/Pre-cooling

Both pre-heating and pre-cooling modes rely on recirculating air to minimize energy usage.

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AC System Failure

The failure of the AC system's power supply triggers emergency operation, switching to using only outside air to maintain basic ventilation.

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Outside Air Intake

During emergency operation, the AC system draws fresh air from outside through ventilation slots and forces it through the filters and evaporator before delivering it to the passenger compartment.

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Circulating Air Duct Dampers

These dampers close during emergency operation to prevent the recirculation of air already inside the carriage. Only outside air is used.

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What is emergency mode?

The AC system operates with limited functionality when a sensor fails. It uses backup methods to control temperature.

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What happens if the outdoor temperature sensor fails?

The system switches to using the indoor temperature sensor to regulate the AC.

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What happens if the duct air temperature sensor fails?

The system uses the room and outdoor temperature sensors to control the AC.

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What happens if the room air temperature sensor fails?

The system uses the duct and outdoor temperature sensors to control the AC.

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What happens if the set point generator fails?

The AC system maintains a fixed temperature of 23 degrees Celsius.

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What happens if both room and duct sensors fail?

Heating and cooling are turned off, but ventilation remains operational.

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What is pre-heating mode?

Uses maximum heater output until the indoor temperature reaches 14 degrees Celsius. Only recirculated air is used, and the fresh air flap is closed.

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What is pre-cooling mode?

Uses maximum cooling output until the indoor temperature reaches 28 degrees Celsius. Only recirculated air is used, and the fresh air flap is closed.

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What's the goal of pre-heating and pre-cooling modes?

To quickly reach a desired temperature using maximum output and minimizing energy usage by relying on recirculating air.

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What is controlled service?

The fully automatic mode where the AC system regulates temperature using a microcomputer. It adjusts heating, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification based on conditions.

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LHB AC Coach Features

LHB coaches use microprocessor-controlled air-conditioning systems with advanced features for passenger comfort. These systems include ventilation, heating, cooling, dehumidification, and air filtration.

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Microprocessor Control

The AC system in LHB coaches is controlled by a computer-like system for efficient and comfortable climate management.

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Study Notes

LHB Coach Air-Conditioning

  • LHB coaches are manufactured by RCF in Kapurthala using technology licensed from ALSTHOM.
  • Air-conditioning is micro-processor controlled for comfort.
  • Several manufacturers' make RMPU units are used (Sidwal, Fedder Lloyd, Amit Engineering, Lloyd Electric).
  • AC systems are roof-mounted.
  • The system's functions include ventilation, heating, cooling, dehumidification, and air filtering.
  • The system serves passenger and staff compartments, restrooms, and kitchen areas.

Construction

  • AC units are compact, with two units per coach and one per generator car.
  • Units are identical in different car types.

Diagram of Control Panel

  • The AC system for passenger and generator cars has these components:
    • Compact air conditioning unit
    • Duct system
    • Exhaust air system
    • WC/WC exhaust fan
    • WC/switch cabinet exhaust fan
    • Circulating air duct system
    • Fresh air screen
    • Open/closed-loop control devices
    • Sensors

Compact Air-Conditioning Unit

  • The unit has been designed for 2-tier, 3-tier, and chair cars.
  • Fresh air is drawn in through screens and filters.
  • Air is mixed with recirculated air based on computer-controlled dampers.
  • The units are recessed to fit the car's profile.
  • The unit has two cooling circuits:
    • Two hermetic compressors with oil heaters.
    • Two condensers with copper pipes and aluminum fins.
    • Two axial fans for condenser cooling.
    • Two evaporators.
    • Two twin-sucking radial fans for supply air.
    • Three maintenance covers.
    • Two air inlets for circulating air.
    • One air outlet for supply air.
    • Control and safety devices.
    • Pipelines/fittings.
    • Two mixed air filters.

Operating Modes

  • Preheating/Precooling: Dampers close for quick heating/cooling.
  • Normal Operation: Dampers adjust for 21 m³/h fresh air per person.
  • Emergency Operation: If power fails, the system operates on outside air only.

Controller

  • The digital controller regulates and controls all functions.
  • It is a rack-mounted system using Eurocard-form factor cards and 19" technology.
  • It has multiple cable connectors for signals and power inputs (e.g., X1, X2).

Software Operating Modes

  • Operations are separated into Test, Emergency and Control.

Test Mode

  • The service program PRUEFWIN is used for testing.
  • A PC is connected for testing.
  • Testing mode last for 2 hours.
  • User can test individual functions after testing mode.

Emergency Mode

  • The system goes into emergency mode if there’s a power problem.
  • Operations are automatically switched to use outside air.

Temperature Regulation in Preheating and Precooling

  • Preheating involves maximizing heater power until the indoor temp reaches 14 °C, and the system shifts to a controlled heating mode.

  • Energy is saved by using only recirculated air.

  • Fresh air/recirculating air flap is set to extreme position (100% recirculation).

  • The exhaust air fan isn't running during preheating.

  • Precooling involves maximizing cooling output to reach precooling temperature before cooling in controlled mode takes over.

Pre-heating, Cooling and Dehumidication

  • Controlling is by using a microcomputer and is completely automatic.

Temperature Regulation in Cooling/Heating Mode

  • Room temperature is controlled by a microcomputer.
  • Predefined set-point temperatures are available for both cooling and heating modes. (Specific values)

Cooling Circuit Control

  • A safety check is done before starting the compressor for cooling.
  • Thermal monitoring of the condenser fan, suction pressure, and high-pressure messages are available.

Dehumidification

  • Used when relative humidity increases to 60%.
  • A moisture sensor monitors the humidity.
  • The cooling power is controlled by an extra heater.

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