321 Questions
Which energy level do we look at to determine the valence electrons?
Outermost energy level
How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?
7
In Lewis notation, how do we represent the valence electrons of a hydrogen atom?
One dot next to the symbol
What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine in Lewis notation?
Three pairs of dots and one single dot
What type of bond is formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
Covalent bond
How many electrons are shared between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
One electron
How many valence electrons does each iodine atom have in an iodine molecule?
7
How are the iodine atoms bonded in an iodine molecule?
Through a single covalent bond
What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
Single Covalent Bond
How are the remaining valence electrons of oxygen represented in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?
Two pairs of dots above and below the oxygen symbol
What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
Triple covalent bond
What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
Triple Covalent Bond
What is the main reason for the formation of covalent bonds?
To achieve a more stable configuration
What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?
The element's position on the periodic table
How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?
Two pairs
What type of bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?
Double covalent bond
What is the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?
C
What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
1
What type of bond is formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
Single Covalent Bond
What type of bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms?
Single covalent bond
How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a single covalent bond?
Two electrons
What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?
2
What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?
Low melting and boiling points
What is the main characteristic of covalent bonding?
Electron sharing
What is another characteristic of covalent compounds?
Flexibility
What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share electrons in a diiodine molecule?
Single Covalent Bond
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?
Three
What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
3 minus 10
What is the reason covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?
The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules
What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms
What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?
A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions
Why are ionic compounds brittle?
Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion
What is unique about metallic bonds?
The delocalization of valence electrons
What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?
The ability of their layers to slide over each other
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
Because the ions can move freely in the solution
What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?
They are brittle and can shatter when subjected to stress
What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
An ionic bond is formed
Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Because of the strong electrostatic forces between the metal ions and the delocalized electrons
What is the chemical formula for the acetate ion?
CH3COO-
What is the purpose of balancing charges when writing chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?
MgO
What is the valency of an ion that can gain or lose three electrons to achieve a full outer shell?
3
What is the function of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To balance the charges of the ions
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula
What is the chemical formula for the nitrite ion?
NO2-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound exists in a stable form
What is the chemical formula for the phosphate ion?
PO4^3-
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of each type of ion
What is the primary cause of the shininess of metals?
The free movement of delocalized electrons
What is the main reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?
The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and electrons
What is the purpose of using colored balls and sticks in the activity to visualize metallic bonding?
To symbolize the sea of electrons and the arrangement of positive ions in a metal
What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
To hold the positively charged ions together
What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets?
Malleability and ductility
What is the primary purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?
To provide a concise way to represent the composition of compounds
What is the common arrangement of atoms in the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?
Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube
What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct heat effectively?
The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy
What is the primary function of delocalized electrons in metals?
To carry electric current through the metal
What is the arrangement of atoms in the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) crystal lattice?
Atoms are packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement
What is the reason why covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?
Because they are made up of non-polar molecules
What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?
Alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress
What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
Electronegativity difference
What is unique about metallic bonds?
Delocalization of valence electrons
What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?
Layered structure
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
Because the free ions can move and carry an electric charge
What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?
Regular geometric pattern
What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points
What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
An ionic bond is formed
Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the metal ions and the 'sea of electrons'
What is the primary purpose of using Lewis structures?
To illustrate the formation of covalent bonds
How are valence electrons typically arranged in Lewis notation?
In pairs and single dots around the symbol
What is the result of a hydrogen atom sharing one electron with a chlorine atom?
The formation of a single covalent bond
How are the remaining valence electrons of chlorine represented in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule?
As three pairs of dots and one single dot around the chlorine symbol
What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?
A single covalent bond
What determines the number of electrons an atom can use to form bonds with other atoms?
The number of valence electrons in the outermost energy level
What is the primary characteristic of covalent bonds?
The sharing of electrons between atoms
What is the result of a chlorine atom sharing one electron with a hydrogen atom?
The formation of a single covalent bond
What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
Double covalent bond
What determines the valency of an element in the periodic table?
The number of electrons in the outer shell
Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?
Lower melting and boiling points
What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
3
What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
Single covalent bond
How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
3
What is the reason for the flexibility of covalent compounds?
Weak intermolecular forces
What is the relationship between the valency of an element and its position on the periodic table?
The valency is equal to the group number for elements in groups 1 and 2
What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
Double covalent bond
What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?
2
What is the purpose of covalent bonding?
To share electrons and achieve a more stable configuration
How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?
Four electrons
What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?
Two pairs of dots above and below the O symbol
What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
Triple covalent bond
What is the characteristic of covalent bonding that allows atoms to fill their outer energy shells?
Electron sharing
How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
Three pairs of electrons
What is the representation of a single covalent bond in Lewis notation?
One pair of dots between the two atoms
What is the result of the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding?
The formation of a more stable configuration
What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?
The number of electrons shared between the atoms
What is the definition of a covalent bond?
A type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons
What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?
CrO3^2-
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts
What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?
SO4^2-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?
MnO4^-
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound
What is the chemical formula for the hydroxide ion?
OH^-
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of each type of ion
What is the chemical formula for the nitrate ion?
NO3^-
What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?
CO3^2-
What is the primary characteristic that allows metals to conduct electricity?
The free movement of delocalized electrons
Which of the following is a result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons in metals?
High melting and boiling points
What is the purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?
To understand the properties of metals better
What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
It is the glue that holds the positively charged ions together
Which of the following crystal lattice structures has atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
What is the purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?
To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information
What is the benefit of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?
It enables the creation of concise chemical formulae for compounds
What is the significance of the delocalized electrons in metallic bonding?
They are free to move throughout the metal, allowing for electrical conductivity
What is the characteristic property of metals that makes them malleable and ductile?
The ability of atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of metals?
Brittleness
What type of bond is formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
Double covalent bond
Why do atoms form covalent bonds?
To fill their outer energy shells
What is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms in Lewis notation?
A single covalent bond
How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
6
What is the type of bond formed when two hydrogen atoms share electrons with an oxygen atom in a water molecule?
Single covalent bond
What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?
The number of electrons shared between the atoms
What is the purpose of Lewis notation?
To represent covalent bonds
How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
3
What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
Double covalent bond
What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?
The creation of an attractive force between the atoms
What type of bond is formed when a carbon atom shares two pairs of electrons with an oxygen atom?
Double covalent bond
What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
3
What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?
Flexibility
How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
6
What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?
Number of electrons in the outer shell
What type of bond is formed when two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons?
Triple covalent bond
What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
1
Why do covalent compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points?
Weaker intermolecular forces
What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share one pair of electrons?
Single covalent bond
What is the definition of valency?
Number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms
What is the main reason covalent compounds are not very soluble in water?
The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules.
What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
The difference in electronegativity between two atoms.
What is the property of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?
The arrangement of ions in a lattice structure.
What is unique about metallic bonds?
The delocalization of valence electrons.
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
Because the ions are free to move in the solution.
What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points.
What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
An ionic bond is formed.
Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Due to the delocalization of valence electrons.
What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?
A lattice structure of ions.
What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?
The layers of molecules can slide over each other.
What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?
Electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons
Which of the following is a property of metals?
High melting and boiling points
What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in a metal?
To hold the positively charged ions together through electrostatic forces
What is the purpose of building models of metallic bonding?
To understand the properties of metals
What is the significance of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?
It enables us to write the correct chemical formulae for compounds
What is the purpose of using chemical formulae in chemistry?
To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information effectively
What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms being packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?
The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy
What is unique about the arrangement of atoms in a metal?
The atoms are packed closely together with a large number of delocalized electrons
Why are metals generally shiny?
Because the delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light
What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis structures?
To determine the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
Which of the following atoms has the same number of valence electrons as a chlorine atom?
Iodine
What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule?
8
In a Lewis structure, what does a pair of dots between two atoms represent?
A shared electron pair
What is the bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
Single covalent bond
In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot next to an atom represent?
A single valence electron
What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?
Covalent bond
What is the purpose of using dots in Lewis structures?
To show the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level
What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?
CrO₄²⁻
Which of the following anions has a charge of -1?
Chlorate
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion
What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?
SO₄²⁻
Why is balancing the charges of ions important in writing chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?
MnO₄⁻
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound
What is the chemical formula for the thiosulphate ion?
S₂O₃⁻
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of atoms of an element in a compound
What is the chemical formula for the cyanide ion?
CN⁻
What is the primary purpose of Lewis structures?
To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons
In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot represent?
A single valence electron
What is the significance of the outermost energy level in determining valence electrons?
It is the energy level that determines the valence electrons
In a Lewis structure, what is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine?
Three pairs of dots and one single dot
What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?
The number of valence electrons
What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
Single covalent bond
What is the purpose of the dots in a Lewis structure?
To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons
What is the significance of the Lewis structure of an iodine molecule?
It illustrates the arrangement of valence electrons
What is the primary reason for the slippery nature of covalent compounds?
The layers of covalent compounds can slide over each other
Why do ionic compounds exhibit high melting and boiling points?
Due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions
What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?
The arrangement of like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal
What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds?
The delocalization of valence electrons
What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms
What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds that makes them conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
The mobility of free ions in the solution
What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?
A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions
Why do covalent compounds generally not conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
Because they do not have free ions or electrons that can move and carry an electric charge
What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?
Applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal
What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them crystalline at room temperature?
The ability to form a crystal lattice structure
What is the formula for the chromate ion?
CrO4^2-
What is the formula for the hydrogen sulphate ion?
HSO4^-
What is the correct formula for the manganate ion?
MnO4^2-
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts
What is the formula for the phosphate ion?
PO4^3-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the stability of the compound
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula
What is the correct formula for the sulphate ion?
SO4^2-
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of atoms of the element
What is the formula for the cyanide ion?
CN^-
What is the main difference between the way electrons are shared in single and double covalent bonds?
The number of electrons involved in the bond
Which type of bond is formed when the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms overlap, allowing unpaired electrons to be shared?
Covalent bond
What is the purpose of the pair of dots between the two I symbols in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?
To represent the shared electrons in the single covalent bond
What is the reason why covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms?
To achieve a more stable configuration
How many electron pairs are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
Three pairs
Which of the following properties is NOT a characteristic of metallic bonds?
Covalent bonding
What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?
To hold the positive ions together
What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?
Two pairs of dots between the C and O symbols
What is the arrangement of atoms in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal lattice?
Each atom is at the corners of a cube with atoms at the centers of each face of the cube
What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?
The creation of an attractive force between the atoms
What is the difference between the bonds formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule and the bonds formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the same molecule?
The carbon-hydrogen bond is a single bond, while the carbon-nitrogen bond is a triple bond
What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?
To represent the composition of a compound
What is the term for the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons in the metal?
Metallic bond
What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?
The number of electrons involved in the bond
What is the result of the overlapping of the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms in covalent bonding?
The sharing of electrons between the atoms
What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?
The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy
What is the purpose of the 'sea' of delocalized electrons in a metal?
To hold the positive ions together
What is the characteristic property of metals that allows them to be shaped and molded?
Density and malleability
What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?
Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube
What is the primary reason for the shininess of metals?
The delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light
What is the primary reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond?
To share three pairs of electrons between two atoms
What is the general trend in the melting and boiling points of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?
Lower melting and boiling points
What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
1
What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that allows them to be flexible?
Weaker intermolecular forces
What is the number of electrons shared in a single covalent bond?
2
What is the type of bond formed when two atoms share four pairs of electrons?
Quadruple covalent bond
What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
3
What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them more slippery?
Weaker intermolecular forces
What is the general trend in the flexibility of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?
Covalent compounds are more flexible
What is the reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?
Each nitrogen atom contributes three electrons to the bond
What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them flexible?
Ability of molecules to move around
What determines the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
The group number minus 10
What is the difference between the valency of an element in group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table?
Two electrons
What is the reason for the low melting and boiling points of covalent compounds?
Weaker intermolecular forces
What is the characteristic of the triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?
Formed by sharing three pairs of electrons
What is the main difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?
The number of valence electrons
Which of the following molecules does not contain a single covalent bond?
Hydrogen atom (H)
What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis notation?
To identify the number of valence electrons
What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule and an iodine molecule?
The type of bond formed
What is the significance of the electron configuration in determining the valence electrons of an atom?
It determines the number of valence electrons
What is the common characteristic of the Lewis structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?
Both have dots representing valence electrons
What is the primary purpose of covalent bonding between atoms?
To achieve a full outer energy shell
What is the primary reason for the malleability of metals?
The ability of the atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond
What is the key difference between a single covalent bond and a double covalent bond?
The number of electron pairs shared between the atoms
In the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule, what is the arrangement of dots around the carbon atom?
Two pairs of dots between the carbon and oxygen symbols
What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?
To act as a glue that holds the positively charged ions together
What is the significance of the outermost orbitals overlapping in covalent bonding?
It facilitates the sharing of electrons between atoms
What is the main reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?
The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy
What is the characteristic of covalent bonds that distinguishes them from ionic bonds?
The sharing of electrons between atoms
What is the primary purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?
To gain a deeper understanding of the properties that arise from metallic bonding
What is the arrangement of dots in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
A pair of dots between the hydrogen and carbon symbols, and three pairs of dots between the carbon and nitrogen symbols
What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds that allows them to be flexible and maintain their structure?
The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons
What type of bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity between two atoms exceeds 1.7?
Ionic bond
Which of the following properties is characteristic of ionic compounds?
They are brittle and have high melting points.
Why do covalent compounds tend to be water-resistant?
Because their non-polar molecules do not interact well with polar water molecules.
What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound like sodium chloride (NaCl)?
Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions.
Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Because they have a strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged delocalized electrons.
What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?
Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal along specific planes.
What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?
H2PO4-
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion
What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?
MnO4-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?
SO42-
What is the formula mass of a compound?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its formula
What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?
NH4+
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of atoms of each element
What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?
CrO42-
What is the chemical formula for the oxide ion?
O2-
What is the term for the sharing of electrons between atoms to form a bond?
Covalent bonding
In a Lewis notation, what is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms?
A single covalent bond
What is the number of electron pairs shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?
Three
What is the primary reason for the formation of covalent bonds?
To achieve a more stable configuration
What is the term for the bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
Double covalent bond
What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?
Two pairs of dots above and one pair below
What is the type of bond formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?
Double covalent bond
What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
1
What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?
They are generally flexible
What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
Triple covalent bond
What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?
The number of electrons in the outer shell
What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
Double covalent bond
What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?
Layered structure
What is the main reason why ionic compounds are brittle?
The alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress
What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
The difference in electronegativity between atoms
What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that allows them to conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
The mobility of free ions in solution
What is unique about metallic bonds?
The delocalization of valence electrons
What is the result of the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
The formation of an ionic bond
What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
What is the reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
What is the purpose of visualizing metallic bonding using a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons?
To understand the properties of metals arising from metallic bonding
What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
It acts as a glue holding the positively charged ions together
What is the main advantage of using chemical formulae to represent the composition of compounds?
They offer a concise way to represent the composition of compounds
What is the purpose of understanding the common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?
To form the building blocks of chemical compounds
What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?
CrO4^2-
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion
What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?
SO4^2-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?
MnO4-
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound's formula
What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?
CO3^2-
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of each type of ion
What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?
NH4+
What is the importance of understanding the valency of ions in writing chemical formulae?
To balance the charges of ions
What is the purpose of Lewis structures?
To represent the valence electrons of an atom and forming bonds with other atoms
In the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule, what does the pair of dots between the H and Cl symbols represent?
The shared electrons in the covalent bond
What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis notation of a chlorine atom?
7
How are the valence electrons of an iodine atom represented in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?
With seven dots around the symbol
What is the type of bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
Covalent bond
How many electrons are shared between the two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?
2
What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?
CrO_4^2-
What is the process of balancing the total positive and negative charges to ensure the compound is electrically neutral?
Balancing charges
What is the chemical formula for the sulphite ion?
SO_3^-
What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?
To ensure the compound is electrically neutral
What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?
H_2PO_4^2-
What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?
To indicate the number of each type of ion
What is the definition of formula mass?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula
What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?
CO_3^2-
What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?
To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts
What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?
NH_4^+
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