Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 4 SUM: Chemical bonding
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Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 4 SUM: Chemical bonding

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Questions and Answers

Which energy level do we look at to determine the valence electrons?

  • First energy level
  • Innermost energy level
  • Second energy level
  • Outermost energy level (correct)

    • How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?

  • 8
  • 7 (correct)
  • 5
  • 6

    • In Lewis notation, how do we represent the valence electrons of a hydrogen atom?

  • Two dots next to the symbol
  • One dot next to the symbol (correct)
  • A circle around the symbol
  • Three dots next to the symbol

    • What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine in Lewis notation?

    <p>Three pairs of dots and one single dot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>One electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does each iodine atom have in an iodine molecule?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the iodine atoms bonded in an iodine molecule?

    <p>Through a single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Single Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the remaining valence electrons of oxygen represented in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

    <p>Two pairs of dots above and below the oxygen symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Triple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Triple Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the formation of covalent bonds?

    <p>To achieve a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

    <p>The element's position on the periodic table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?

    <p>Two pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?

    <p>Single Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a single covalent bond?

    <p>Two electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Low melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of covalent bonding?

    <p>Electron sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share electrons in a diiodine molecule?

    <p>Single Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

    <p>3 minus 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?

    <p>The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

    <p>A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ionic compounds brittle?

    <p>Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about metallic bonds?

    <p>The delocalization of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

    <p>The ability of their layers to slide over each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>Because the ions can move freely in the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?

    <p>They are brittle and can shatter when subjected to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

    <p>An ionic bond is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Because of the strong electrostatic forces between the metal ions and the delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the acetate ion?

    <p>CH3COO-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing charges when writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?

    <p>MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an ion that can gain or lose three electrons to achieve a full outer shell?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To balance the charges of the ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the nitrite ion?

    <p>NO2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound exists in a stable form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the phosphate ion?

    <p>PO4^3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of each type of ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the shininess of metals?

    <p>The free movement of delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?

    <p>The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using colored balls and sticks in the activity to visualize metallic bonding?

    <p>To symbolize the sea of electrons and the arrangement of positive ions in a metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

    <p>To hold the positively charged ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets?

    <p>Malleability and ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?

    <p>To provide a concise way to represent the composition of compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common arrangement of atoms in the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?

    <p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct heat effectively?

    <p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of delocalized electrons in metals?

    <p>To carry electric current through the metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of atoms in the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) crystal lattice?

    <p>Atoms are packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?

    <p>Because they are made up of non-polar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

    <p>Alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

    <p>Electronegativity difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about metallic bonds?

    <p>Delocalization of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

    <p>Layered structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>Because the free ions can move and carry an electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

    <p>Regular geometric pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds?

    <p>High melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

    <p>An ionic bond is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the metal ions and the 'sea of electrons'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using Lewis structures?

    <p>To illustrate the formation of covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are valence electrons typically arranged in Lewis notation?

    <p>In pairs and single dots around the symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a hydrogen atom sharing one electron with a chlorine atom?

    <p>The formation of a single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the remaining valence electrons of chlorine represented in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>As three pairs of dots and one single dot around the chlorine symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

    <p>A single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of electrons an atom can use to form bonds with other atoms?

    <p>The number of valence electrons in the outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of covalent bonds?

    <p>The sharing of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chlorine atom sharing one electron with a hydrogen atom?

    <p>The formation of a single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the valency of an element in the periodic table?

    <p>The number of electrons in the outer shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Lower melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the flexibility of covalent compounds?

    <p>Weak intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the valency of an element and its position on the periodic table?

    <p>The valency is equal to the group number for elements in groups 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of covalent bonding?

    <p>To share electrons and achieve a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?

    <p>Four electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

    <p>Two pairs of dots above and below the O symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Triple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent bonding that allows atoms to fill their outer energy shells?

    <p>Electron sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>Three pairs of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the representation of a single covalent bond in Lewis notation?

    <p>One pair of dots between the two atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding?

    <p>The formation of a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

    <p>The number of electrons shared between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a covalent bond?

    <p>A type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

    <p>SO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

    <p>MnO4^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the hydroxide ion?

    <p>OH^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of each type of ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the nitrate ion?

    <p>NO3^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

    <p>CO3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that allows metals to conduct electricity?

    <p>The free movement of delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons in metals?

    <p>High melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?

    <p>To understand the properties of metals better</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

    <p>It is the glue that holds the positively charged ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crystal lattice structures has atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

    <p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?

    <p>To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>It enables the creation of concise chemical formulae for compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the delocalized electrons in metallic bonding?

    <p>They are free to move throughout the metal, allowing for electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic property of metals that makes them malleable and ductile?

    <p>The ability of atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of metals?

    <p>Brittleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms form covalent bonds?

    <p>To fill their outer energy shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms in Lewis notation?

    <p>A single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when two hydrogen atoms share electrons with an oxygen atom in a water molecule?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

    <p>The number of electrons shared between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis notation?

    <p>To represent covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

    <p>The creation of an attractive force between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when a carbon atom shares two pairs of electrons with an oxygen atom?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

    <p>Number of electrons in the outer shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons?

    <p>Triple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do covalent compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points?

    <p>Weaker intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share one pair of electrons?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of valency?

    <p>Number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason covalent compounds are not very soluble in water?

    <p>The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity between two atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

    <p>The arrangement of ions in a lattice structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about metallic bonds?

    <p>The delocalization of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>Because the ions are free to move in the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?

    <p>High melting and boiling points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

    <p>An ionic bond is formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Due to the delocalization of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

    <p>A lattice structure of ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

    <p>The layers of molecules can slide over each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?

    <p>Electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of metals?

    <p>High melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in a metal?

    <p>To hold the positively charged ions together through electrostatic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building models of metallic bonding?

    <p>To understand the properties of metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>It enables us to write the correct chemical formulae for compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using chemical formulae in chemistry?

    <p>To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms being packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

    <p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

    <p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the arrangement of atoms in a metal?

    <p>The atoms are packed closely together with a large number of delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are metals generally shiny?

    <p>Because the delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis structures?

    <p>To determine the number of electrons in the outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following atoms has the same number of valence electrons as a chlorine atom?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Lewis structure, what does a pair of dots between two atoms represent?

    <p>A shared electron pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot next to an atom represent?

    <p>A single valence electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using dots in Lewis structures?

    <p>To show the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO₄²⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anions has a charge of -1?

    <p>Chlorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

    <p>SO₄²⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is balancing the charges of ions important in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

    <p>MnO₄⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the thiosulphate ion?

    <p>S₂O₃⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms of an element in a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the cyanide ion?

    <p>CN⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Lewis structures?

    <p>To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot represent?

    <p>A single valence electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the outermost energy level in determining valence electrons?

    <p>It is the energy level that determines the valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Lewis structure, what is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine?

    <p>Three pairs of dots and one single dot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

    <p>The number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>Single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dots in a Lewis structure?

    <p>To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Lewis structure of an iodine molecule?

    <p>It illustrates the arrangement of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the slippery nature of covalent compounds?

    <p>The layers of covalent compounds can slide over each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionic compounds exhibit high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

    <p>The arrangement of like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds?

    <p>The delocalization of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds that makes them conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>The mobility of free ions in the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

    <p>A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do covalent compounds generally not conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>Because they do not have free ions or electrons that can move and carry an electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?

    <p>Applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them crystalline at room temperature?

    <p>The ability to form a crystal lattice structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the hydrogen sulphate ion?

    <p>HSO4^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for the manganate ion?

    <p>MnO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the phosphate ion?

    <p>PO4^3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the stability of the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for the sulphate ion?

    <p>SO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms of the element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the cyanide ion?

    <p>CN^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the way electrons are shared in single and double covalent bonds?

    <p>The number of electrons involved in the bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed when the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms overlap, allowing unpaired electrons to be shared?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pair of dots between the two I symbols in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?

    <p>To represent the shared electrons in the single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms?

    <p>To achieve a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electron pairs are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>Three pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is NOT a characteristic of metallic bonds?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?

    <p>To hold the positive ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?

    <p>Two pairs of dots between the C and O symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of atoms in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal lattice?

    <p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with atoms at the centers of each face of the cube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

    <p>The creation of an attractive force between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the bonds formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule and the bonds formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the same molecule?

    <p>The carbon-hydrogen bond is a single bond, while the carbon-nitrogen bond is a triple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To represent the composition of a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons in the metal?

    <p>Metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

    <p>The number of electrons involved in the bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlapping of the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms in covalent bonding?

    <p>The sharing of electrons between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

    <p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'sea' of delocalized electrons in a metal?

    <p>To hold the positive ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic property of metals that allows them to be shaped and molded?

    <p>Density and malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?

    <p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the shininess of metals?

    <p>The delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond?

    <p>To share three pairs of electrons between two atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend in the melting and boiling points of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?

    <p>Lower melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that allows them to be flexible?

    <p>Weaker intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of electrons shared in a single covalent bond?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when two atoms share four pairs of electrons?

    <p>Quadruple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them more slippery?

    <p>Weaker intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend in the flexibility of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?

    <p>Covalent compounds are more flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?

    <p>Each nitrogen atom contributes three electrons to the bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them flexible?

    <p>Ability of molecules to move around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

    <p>The group number minus 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the valency of an element in group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table?

    <p>Two electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the low melting and boiling points of covalent compounds?

    <p>Weaker intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?

    <p>Formed by sharing three pairs of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

    <p>The number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules does not contain a single covalent bond?

    <p>Hydrogen atom (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis notation?

    <p>To identify the number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule and an iodine molecule?

    <p>The type of bond formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the electron configuration in determining the valence electrons of an atom?

    <p>It determines the number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of the Lewis structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

    <p>Both have dots representing valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of covalent bonding between atoms?

    <p>To achieve a full outer energy shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the malleability of metals?

    <p>The ability of the atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a single covalent bond and a double covalent bond?

    <p>The number of electron pairs shared between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule, what is the arrangement of dots around the carbon atom?

    <p>Two pairs of dots between the carbon and oxygen symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

    <p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?

    <p>To act as a glue that holds the positively charged ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the outermost orbitals overlapping in covalent bonding?

    <p>It facilitates the sharing of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

    <p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent bonds that distinguishes them from ionic bonds?

    <p>The sharing of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?

    <p>To gain a deeper understanding of the properties that arise from metallic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of dots in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen cyanide molecule?

    <p>A pair of dots between the hydrogen and carbon symbols, and three pairs of dots between the carbon and nitrogen symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds that allows them to be flexible and maintain their structure?

    <p>The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity between two atoms exceeds 1.7?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is characteristic of ionic compounds?

    <p>They are brittle and have high melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do covalent compounds tend to be water-resistant?

    <p>Because their non-polar molecules do not interact well with polar water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound like sodium chloride (NaCl)?

    <p>Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Because they have a strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged delocalized electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?

    <p>Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal along specific planes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?

    <p>H2PO4-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

    <p>MnO4-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

    <p>SO42-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula mass of a compound?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

    <p>NH4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms of each element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO42-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the oxide ion?

    <p>O2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sharing of electrons between atoms to form a bond?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Lewis notation, what is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms?

    <p>A single covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of electron pairs shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of covalent bonds?

    <p>To achieve a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

    <p>Two pairs of dots above and one pair below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>They are generally flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Triple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

    <p>The number of electrons in the outer shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

    <p>Layered structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why ionic compounds are brittle?

    <p>The alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that allows them to conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>The mobility of free ions in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about metallic bonds?

    <p>The delocalization of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

    <p>The formation of an ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?

    <p>The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?

    <p>The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of visualizing metallic bonding using a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons?

    <p>To understand the properties of metals arising from metallic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

    <p>It acts as a glue holding the positively charged ions together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using chemical formulae to represent the composition of compounds?

    <p>They offer a concise way to represent the composition of compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding the common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To form the building blocks of chemical compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

    <p>SO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

    <p>MnO4-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound's formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

    <p>CO3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of each type of ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

    <p>NH4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding the valency of ions in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To balance the charges of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis structures?

    <p>To represent the valence electrons of an atom and forming bonds with other atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule, what does the pair of dots between the H and Cl symbols represent?

    <p>The shared electrons in the covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis notation of a chlorine atom?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the valence electrons of an iodine atom represented in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?

    <p>With seven dots around the symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are shared between the two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

    <p>CrO_4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of balancing the total positive and negative charges to ensure the compound is electrically neutral?

    <p>Balancing charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the sulphite ion?

    <p>SO_3^-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

    <p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?

    <p>H_2PO_4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

    <p>To indicate the number of each type of ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of formula mass?

    <p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

    <p>CO_3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

    <p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

    <p>NH_4^+</p> Signup and view all the answers

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