Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 4 SUM: Chemical bonding

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Questions and Answers

Which energy level do we look at to determine the valence electrons?

  • First energy level
  • Innermost energy level
  • Second energy level
  • Outermost energy level (correct)

How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?

  • 8
  • 7 (correct)
  • 5
  • 6

In Lewis notation, how do we represent the valence electrons of a hydrogen atom?

  • Two dots next to the symbol
  • One dot next to the symbol (correct)
  • A circle around the symbol
  • Three dots next to the symbol

What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine in Lewis notation?

<p>Three pairs of dots and one single dot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>Covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>One electron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does each iodine atom have in an iodine molecule?

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the iodine atoms bonded in an iodine molecule?

<p>Through a single covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Single Covalent Bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the remaining valence electrons of oxygen represented in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

<p>Two pairs of dots above and below the oxygen symbol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Triple covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Triple Covalent Bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the formation of covalent bonds?

<p>To achieve a more stable configuration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

<p>The element's position on the periodic table (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?

<p>Two pairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Double covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?

<p>C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?

<p>Single Covalent Bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms?

<p>Single covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a single covalent bond?

<p>Two electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>Low melting and boiling points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of covalent bonding?

<p>Electron sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>Flexibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share electrons in a diiodine molecule?

<p>Single Covalent Bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?

<p>Three (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

<p>3 minus 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?

<p>The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

<p>The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

<p>A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ionic compounds brittle?

<p>Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about metallic bonds?

<p>The delocalization of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

<p>The ability of their layers to slide over each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>Because the ions can move freely in the solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?

<p>They are brittle and can shatter when subjected to stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

<p>An ionic bond is formed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

<p>Because of the strong electrostatic forces between the metal ions and the delocalized electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the acetate ion?

<p>CH3COO- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing charges when writing chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?

<p>MgO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an ion that can gain or lose three electrons to achieve a full outer shell?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To balance the charges of the ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the nitrite ion?

<p>NO2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound exists in a stable form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the phosphate ion?

<p>PO4^3- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of each type of ion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the shininess of metals?

<p>The free movement of delocalized electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?

<p>The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using colored balls and sticks in the activity to visualize metallic bonding?

<p>To symbolize the sea of electrons and the arrangement of positive ions in a metal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

<p>To hold the positively charged ions together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets?

<p>Malleability and ductility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?

<p>To provide a concise way to represent the composition of compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common arrangement of atoms in the Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?

<p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct heat effectively?

<p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of delocalized electrons in metals?

<p>To carry electric current through the metal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of atoms in the Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) crystal lattice?

<p>Atoms are packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?

<p>Because they are made up of non-polar molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

<p>Alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

<p>Electronegativity difference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about metallic bonds?

<p>Delocalization of valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

<p>Layered structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>Because the free ions can move and carry an electric charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

<p>Regular geometric pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds?

<p>High melting and boiling points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

<p>An ionic bond is formed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

<p>Because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the metal ions and the 'sea of electrons' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using Lewis structures?

<p>To illustrate the formation of covalent bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are valence electrons typically arranged in Lewis notation?

<p>In pairs and single dots around the symbol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a hydrogen atom sharing one electron with a chlorine atom?

<p>The formation of a single covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the remaining valence electrons of chlorine represented in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>As three pairs of dots and one single dot around the chlorine symbol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

<p>A single covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of electrons an atom can use to form bonds with other atoms?

<p>The number of valence electrons in the outermost energy level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of covalent bonds?

<p>The sharing of electrons between atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a chlorine atom sharing one electron with a hydrogen atom?

<p>The formation of a single covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Double covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the valency of an element in the periodic table?

<p>The number of electrons in the outer shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>Lower melting and boiling points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Single covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the flexibility of covalent compounds?

<p>Weak intermolecular forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the valency of an element and its position on the periodic table?

<p>The valency is equal to the group number for elements in groups 1 and 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

<p>Double covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 2 of the periodic table?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of covalent bonding?

<p>To share electrons and achieve a more stable configuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a double covalent bond?

<p>Four electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

<p>Two pairs of dots above and below the O symbol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Triple covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent bonding that allows atoms to fill their outer energy shells?

<p>Electron sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>Three pairs of electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the representation of a single covalent bond in Lewis notation?

<p>One pair of dots between the two atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding?

<p>The formation of a more stable configuration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

<p>The number of electrons shared between the atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a covalent bond?

<p>A type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO3^2- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

<p>SO4^2- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

<p>MnO4^- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the hydroxide ion?

<p>OH^- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of each type of ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the nitrate ion?

<p>NO3^- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

<p>CO3^2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that allows metals to conduct electricity?

<p>The free movement of delocalized electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons in metals?

<p>High melting and boiling points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?

<p>To understand the properties of metals better (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

<p>It is the glue that holds the positively charged ions together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crystal lattice structures has atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

<p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?

<p>To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

<p>It enables the creation of concise chemical formulae for compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the delocalized electrons in metallic bonding?

<p>They are free to move throughout the metal, allowing for electrical conductivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic property of metals that makes them malleable and ductile?

<p>The ability of atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of metals?

<p>Brittleness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Double covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do atoms form covalent bonds?

<p>To fill their outer energy shells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms in Lewis notation?

<p>A single covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when two hydrogen atoms share electrons with an oxygen atom in a water molecule?

<p>Single covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

<p>The number of electrons shared between the atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Lewis notation?

<p>To represent covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

<p>Double covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

<p>The creation of an attractive force between the atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when a carbon atom shares two pairs of electrons with an oxygen atom?

<p>Double covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>Flexibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

<p>Number of electrons in the outer shell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons?

<p>Triple covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points?

<p>Weaker intermolecular forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two iodine atoms share one pair of electrons?

<p>Single covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of valency?

<p>Number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason covalent compounds are not very soluble in water?

<p>The non-polar molecules of covalent compounds do not interact well with polar water molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

<p>The difference in electronegativity between two atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

<p>The arrangement of ions in a lattice structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about metallic bonds?

<p>The delocalization of valence electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>Because the ions are free to move in the solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?

<p>High melting and boiling points. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

<p>An ionic bond is formed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

<p>Due to the delocalization of valence electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

<p>A lattice structure of ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

<p>The layers of molecules can slide over each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?

<p>Electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of metals?

<p>High melting and boiling points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'sea of electrons' in a metal?

<p>To hold the positively charged ions together through electrostatic forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of building models of metallic bonding?

<p>To understand the properties of metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

<p>It enables us to write the correct chemical formulae for compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using chemical formulae in chemistry?

<p>To provide a shorthand notation for chemists to communicate complex information effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms being packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

<p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

<p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the arrangement of atoms in a metal?

<p>The atoms are packed closely together with a large number of delocalized electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are metals generally shiny?

<p>Because the delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis structures?

<p>To determine the number of electrons in the outermost energy level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following atoms has the same number of valence electrons as a chlorine atom?

<p>Iodine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Lewis structure, what does a pair of dots between two atoms represent?

<p>A shared electron pair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>Single covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot next to an atom represent?

<p>A single valence electron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using dots in Lewis structures?

<p>To show the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO₄²⁻ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anions has a charge of -1?

<p>Chlorate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

<p>SO₄²⁻ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is balancing the charges of ions important in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

<p>MnO₄⁻ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the thiosulphate ion?

<p>S₂O₃⁻ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of atoms of an element in a compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the cyanide ion?

<p>CN⁻ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Lewis structures?

<p>To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Lewis structure, what does a single dot represent?

<p>A single valence electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the outermost energy level in determining valence electrons?

<p>It is the energy level that determines the valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Lewis structure, what is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for chlorine?

<p>Three pairs of dots and one single dot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

<p>The number of valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>Single covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dots in a Lewis structure?

<p>To illustrate the arrangement of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Lewis structure of an iodine molecule?

<p>It illustrates the arrangement of valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the slippery nature of covalent compounds?

<p>The layers of covalent compounds can slide over each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do ionic compounds exhibit high melting and boiling points?

<p>Due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?

<p>The arrangement of like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds?

<p>The delocalization of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

<p>The difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic property of ionic compounds that makes them conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>The mobility of free ions in the solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

<p>A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent compounds generally not conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>Because they do not have free ions or electrons that can move and carry an electric charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?

<p>Applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them crystalline at room temperature?

<p>The ability to form a crystal lattice structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO4^2- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the hydrogen sulphate ion?

<p>HSO4^- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the manganate ion?

<p>MnO4^2- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the phosphate ion?

<p>PO4^3- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the stability of the compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the sulphate ion?

<p>SO4^2- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of atoms of the element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the cyanide ion?

<p>CN^- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the way electrons are shared in single and double covalent bonds?

<p>The number of electrons involved in the bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed when the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms overlap, allowing unpaired electrons to be shared?

<p>Covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pair of dots between the two I symbols in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?

<p>To represent the shared electrons in the single covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms?

<p>To achieve a more stable configuration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electron pairs are shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>Three pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is NOT a characteristic of metallic bonds?

<p>Covalent bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?

<p>To hold the positive ions together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for carbon in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule?

<p>Two pairs of dots between the C and O symbols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of atoms in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal lattice?

<p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with atoms at the centers of each face of the cube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

<p>The creation of an attractive force between the atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the bonds formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule and the bonds formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the same molecule?

<p>The carbon-hydrogen bond is a single bond, while the carbon-nitrogen bond is a triple bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?

<p>To represent the composition of a compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalized electrons in the metal?

<p>Metallic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of covalent bond formed between two atoms?

<p>The number of electrons involved in the bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the overlapping of the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms in covalent bonding?

<p>The sharing of electrons between the atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

<p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'sea' of delocalized electrons in a metal?

<p>To hold the positive ions together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic property of metals that allows them to be shaped and molded?

<p>Density and malleability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?

<p>Each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the shininess of metals?

<p>The delocalized electrons can absorb and re-emit light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond?

<p>To share three pairs of electrons between two atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in the melting and boiling points of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?

<p>Lower melting and boiling points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that allows them to be flexible?

<p>Weaker intermolecular forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of electrons shared in a single covalent bond?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when two atoms share four pairs of electrons?

<p>Quadruple covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them more slippery?

<p>Weaker intermolecular forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in the flexibility of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?

<p>Covalent compounds are more flexible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the formation of a triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?

<p>Each nitrogen atom contributes three electrons to the bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them flexible?

<p>Ability of molecules to move around (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?

<p>The group number minus 10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the valency of an element in group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table?

<p>Two electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the low melting and boiling points of covalent compounds?

<p>Weaker intermolecular forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the triple covalent bond in a nitrogen molecule?

<p>Formed by sharing three pairs of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

<p>The number of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules does not contain a single covalent bond?

<p>Hydrogen atom (H) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of representing valence electrons in Lewis notation?

<p>To identify the number of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Lewis structure of a hydrogen chloride molecule and an iodine molecule?

<p>The type of bond formed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the electron configuration in determining the valence electrons of an atom?

<p>It determines the number of valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of the Lewis structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom?

<p>Both have dots representing valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of covalent bonding between atoms?

<p>To achieve a full outer energy shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the malleability of metals?

<p>The ability of the atoms to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a single covalent bond and a double covalent bond?

<p>The number of electron pairs shared between the atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule, what is the arrangement of dots around the carbon atom?

<p>Two pairs of dots between the carbon and oxygen symbols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of crystal lattice is characterized by atoms packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?

<p>Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the delocalized electrons in a metal?

<p>To act as a glue that holds the positively charged ions together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the outermost orbitals overlapping in covalent bonding?

<p>It facilitates the sharing of electrons between atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high thermal conductivity of metals?

<p>The densely packed positive nuclei can easily transfer kinetic energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent bonds that distinguishes them from ionic bonds?

<p>The sharing of electrons between atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of creating a physical model of metallic bonding?

<p>To gain a deeper understanding of the properties that arise from metallic bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of dots in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen cyanide molecule?

<p>A pair of dots between the hydrogen and carbon symbols, and three pairs of dots between the carbon and nitrogen symbols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of metallic bonds that allows them to be flexible and maintain their structure?

<p>The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity between two atoms exceeds 1.7?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is characteristic of ionic compounds?

<p>They are brittle and have high melting points. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent compounds tend to be water-resistant?

<p>Because their non-polar molecules do not interact well with polar water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound like sodium chloride (NaCl)?

<p>Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do metallic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

<p>Because they have a strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged delocalized electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the brittleness of ionic compounds?

<p>Because applying force can align like-charged ions, causing repulsion and breaking the crystal along specific planes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?

<p>H2PO4- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

<p>MnO4- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

<p>SO42- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula mass of a compound?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its formula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

<p>NH4+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of atoms of each element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO42- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the oxide ion?

<p>O2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sharing of electrons between atoms to form a bond?

<p>Covalent bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Lewis notation, what is represented by a pair of dots between two atoms?

<p>A single covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of electron pairs shared between two atoms in a triple covalent bond?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of covalent bonds?

<p>To achieve a more stable configuration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Double covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of dots around the symbol for oxygen in the Lewis notation of a water molecule?

<p>Two pairs of dots above and one pair below (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Double covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>They are generally flexible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?

<p>Triple covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of electrons an element can use to form bonds with other atoms?

<p>The number of electrons in the outer shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?

<p>Double covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them slippery?

<p>Layered structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why ionic compounds are brittle?

<p>The alignment of like-charged ions when subjected to stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?

<p>The difference in electronegativity between atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that allows them to conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

<p>The mobility of free ions in solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about metallic bonds?

<p>The delocalization of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

<p>The formation of an ionic bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of metallic bonds?

<p>The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?

<p>The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of visualizing metallic bonding using a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons?

<p>To understand the properties of metals arising from metallic bonding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?

<p>It acts as a glue holding the positively charged ions together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using chemical formulae to represent the composition of compounds?

<p>They offer a concise way to represent the composition of compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding the common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To form the building blocks of chemical compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO4^2- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of ions and use them as subscripts for the opposite ion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the sulphate ion?

<p>SO4^2- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the permanganate ion?

<p>MnO4- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound's formula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

<p>CO3^2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of each type of ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

<p>NH4+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the valency of ions in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To balance the charges of ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Lewis structures?

<p>To represent the valence electrons of an atom and forming bonds with other atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Lewis notation of a hydrogen chloride molecule, what does the pair of dots between the H and Cl symbols represent?

<p>The shared electrons in the covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis notation of a chlorine atom?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the valence electrons of an iodine atom represented in the Lewis notation of an iodine molecule?

<p>With seven dots around the symbol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are shared between the two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the chromate ion?

<p>CrO_4^2- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of balancing the total positive and negative charges to ensure the compound is electrically neutral?

<p>Balancing charges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the sulphite ion?

<p>SO_3^- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing charges in chemical formulae?

<p>To ensure the compound is electrically neutral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the dihydrogen phosphate ion?

<p>H_2PO_4^2- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subscripts in chemical formulae?

<p>To indicate the number of each type of ion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of formula mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the carbonate ion?

<p>CO_3^2- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the criss-cross method in writing chemical formulae?

<p>To swap the charges of the ions and use them as subscripts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the ammonium ion?

<p>NH_4^+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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