Valence Electrons and Lewis Structures Quiz

Valence Electrons and Lewis Structures

• Germanium has four valence electrons, while transition metals generally have two valence electrons, with a few exceptions.
• Lanthanides and actinides are located in the bottom two rows of the periodic table, with most having two valence electrons, except for lawrencium.
• The octet rule states that elements are most stable when their valence shell contains eight electrons, except for hydrogen and helium.
• Atoms and ions are less reactive when they have a full valence shell, as seen in noble gases.
• The octet rule is typically satisfied when atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions, making them less reactive.
• The octet rule is satisfied when atoms join to form compounds, with the number of additional valence electrons determining the number of bonds formed.
• Carbon dioxide is an example of the octet rule being satisfied, with carbon forming a double bond with each oxygen to achieve a full octet.
• Electron dot diagrams show the valence electrons of an atom, while Lewis structures show the valence electrons of a molecule or ion.
• Silane's Lewis structure demonstrates silicon making single bonds with each of the four hydrogens to achieve a full octet.
• To draw a basic Lewis structure, determine the number of valence electrons for each element and add bonds and lone pairs accordingly.
• The Lewis structure of arsenic trifluoride shows arsenic forming three bonds with fluorine and having one lone pair, while fluorine has three lone pairs.
• Nitrogen gas, being diatomic, has a Lewis structure with a triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms.