Levels of Processing Theory Quiz

Questions and Answers

Who came up with the theory of levels of processing and when?

Craig and Lockhart, 1972

Levels of processing was put forward as a criticism of what other theory?

Multi-store model

What is the idea behind LOP regarding memory?

Processing information

Craik and Lockhart proposed that memory is what?

Just a by-product of the depth of processing of information and there is no clear distinction between short term memory and long term memory. Signup and view all the answers

How did Craik define depth?

The meaningfulness extracted from the stimulus rather than the number of analyses performed upon it. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 ways we process information?

<ol> <li>Structural processing (appearance) 2. Phonemic processing 3. Semantic processing</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is shallow processing?

Shallow processing only involves maintenance rehearsal and leads to fairly short-term retention of information. Signup and view all the answers

What is deep processing?

Deep processing involves elaboration rehearsal and leads to better recall. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Craig and Lockhart's theory conclusion.

The way information is encoded affects how well it is remembered; deeper processing leads to easier recall. Signup and view all the answers

When was Craik and Tulving's experiment conducted?

1975 Signup and view all the answers

How many participants were there in the study?

24 of various ages and genders, all university students. Signup and view all the answers

Participants were shown a list of how many words?

60 Signup and view all the answers

What were the questions asked to participants about a certain word?

<ol> <li>Was the word in capital letters or lower case? 2. Does the word rhyme with another word? 3. Does the word fit in the following sentence?</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Levels of Processing Theory Overview

Developed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972 as a critique of the Multi-store model of memory.
Centers on the concept that memory retention is closely linked to the depth of information processing.

Depth of Processing

Defined by Craik as the meaningfulness extracted from a stimulus, not merely the volume of analyses conducted.
Emphasizes that memory is a by-product of information processing depth, blurring the lines between short-term and long-term memory.

Processing Methods

Three levels of processing affect memory encoding:
- Structural Processing: Involves encoding physical characteristics (appearance); considered shallow.
- Phonemic Processing: Involves encoding the sound of the information; remains shallow.
- Semantic Processing: Involves encoding the meaning and relating it to similar concepts; considered deep processing.

Shallow vs. Deep Processing

Shallow Processing: Relies on maintenance rehearsal; links to short-term retention, primarily used in the Multi-store model.
Deep Processing: Utilizes elaborative rehearsal through meaningful analyses, leading to enhanced recall by connecting new information to existing knowledge.

Conclusions of the Theory

The way information is encoded significantly impacts its recall ability; deeper processing leads to easier retrieval.

Craik and Tulving Experiment Overview

Conducted in 1975 with 24 participants (university students of various ages and genders).
Participants were shown a list of 60 words, followed by questions designed to probe different processing levels:
- Structural Processing: "Was the word in capital letters or lower case?"
- Phonemic Processing: "Does the word rhyme with (another word)?"
- Semantic Processing: "Does the word fit in the following sentence?"

Key Findings

Deeper levels of processing correlate with improved memory retention and recall ability.

Description

Test your knowledge on the Levels of Processing theory proposed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972. This quiz will cover key concepts and criticisms of the multi-store model of memory. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their understanding of memory processing.