Leveling in Surveying

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Questions and Answers

If the back sight reading at point A is greater than the fore sight reading at point B, what can be concluded?

B is higher than A. (correct)

A is higher than B.

The height of the instrument is required to know which point is higher.

The instrument position is required to know which point is higher.

When a level is in adjustment, what is the orientation of the line of sight of the instrument?

Perpendicular to the vertical axis of the instrument and parallel to the bubble tube axis. (correct)

Perpendicular to the vertical axis of the instrument and bubble level axis.

Perpendicular to the bubble tube axis and parallel to the vertical axis.

None of the above.

When is the height of instrument method of reducing levels preferred?

When there are no fore sights.

When there are large numbers of intermediate sights. (correct)

When there are no intermediate sights.

When there are large numbers of fore sights.

What is meant by balancing of sights in levelling?

Making the distance of fore sight station equal to that of the back sight station from the instrument station. Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the difference (Ae - Ap) between the areas calculated by the end-areas rule and prismoidal rule?

It is always positive. Signup and view all the answers

What do closed contours of decreasing values towards their centre represent?

A depression Signup and view all the answers

What is an imaginary line joining the points of equal elevation on the surface of the earth?

Contour line Signup and view all the answers

Where must the level be set up to determine the true difference in elevations between two points A and B?

At any point between A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the contour interval?

The vertical distance between two consecutive contours Signup and view all the answers

What is a contour gradient?

A line lying throughout on the surface of the ground and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments cannot be used to locate the contour gradient in the field?

Chain Signup and view all the answers

If a level is used to locate the contour gradient, is it necessary to set the level on the contour gradient?

False Signup and view all the answers

If the inclination of contour gradient is given, can its direction from a point be easily located either on the map or on the ground?

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of curve is most suited for connecting two straights in horizontal plane only?

Circular curve Signup and view all the answers

In which direction is the latitude of the line negative?

South Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian known as?

Magnetic declination Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leveling and Contouring

In leveling, if the back sight reading at point A is greater than the fore sight reading at point B, then B is higher than A.
When a level is in adjustment, the line of sight of the instrument is perpendicular to the vertical axis of the instrument and parallel to the bubble tube axis.
The height of instrument method of reducing levels is preferred when there are large numbers of intermediate sights.
Balancing of sights means making the distance of fore sight station equal to that of the back sight station from the instrument station.

Contouring

Closed contours of decreasing values towards their center represent a depression.
An imaginary line joining the points of equal elevation on the surface of the earth represents a contour line.
For true difference in elevations between two points A and B, the level must be set up at the exact midpoint of A and B.
Contour interval is the vertical distance between two consecutive contours.

Contour Gradient and Slope

Contour gradient is a line lying throughout on the surface of the ground and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal.
Contour gradient cannot be located using a level.
If the inclination of contour gradient is given, its direction from a point may be easily located either on the map or on the ground.
To locate the contour gradient, the level is not set at the contour gradient itself.

Curve and Bearing

A circular curve is most suited for connecting two straights in a horizontal plane.
The latitude of a line is negative in the south direction.
The horizontal angle between the true meridian and magnetic meridian is known as magnetic declination.

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Description

Test your knowledge of leveling principles and techniques in surveying, including instrument setup and reading comprehension.