Leukemias: Types and Characteristics of Leukocytes

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Questions and Answers

Describe neutrophils?

most common white blood cell, they are neutral pink and multi lobed with 2-5 lobes. They function in innate immune system and do phagocytosis and degranulation. They mainly are located in the skin & mucous membrane and they life for a few hours to a few days. They respond to inflammation and bacteria and fungi. They go to blood vessels and intersistial tissue.

Describe eosinophils?

make up 1-6% of white blood cells. They are red and bi-lobed. They function in degranulation. Releasing enzymes and growth factors as well as cytokines and life for a few days. They respond to parasites, allergic reactions. They are located in the thymus, GI tract, an spleen. They defend by degranulation

Describe basophils?

least common white blood cell. They are either bi or tri lobed. They function in degranulation, releasing histamine, enzymes, and cytokines. They respond to allergic reactions, inflammatory reactions. They are located in small numbers in the blood vessels. They defend by releasing heparin and histamine.

Describe monocytes?

They are in small amount and they are agranulocytes. They are kidney shaped and the largest white blood cell as well as being unilobar. They function in turning into macrophages and dendritic cells. They are stored in the spleen and they are made in the bone marrow. They respond in inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Describe lymphocytes?

Any white blood cell in vertebrae immune system and there’s 3 types. Tell which function in cell mediated immunity. B cell function in humoral and antibody immunity. And natural killer cells which release cytotoxic granules and they react to tumors and infected cells no fining charges in the cell surface of the molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

characterized by the overproduction of lymphoblastic in bone marrow, blood, tissue and they multiply. It has lymphoblasts that are immature white blood cells that stop the production of other cells. It causes less functional cells, increase risk for infection, fever, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes. It also leads to abnormal masses Signup and view all the answers

What is Measurable Residual Disease (MRD)?

residual leukemia blasts are detected after chemotherapy despite there being less than 5% of blasts in the bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

Describe B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

It is the most common leukemia in adults that has an effect of B cell lymphocytes since they grow out of control and they stay in bone marrow and the blood. It causes high number of white blood cells, anemia, and swollen lymph nodes. It is diagnosed hen there is more than 5000 micro liters of B cells in peripheral blood with cytometry, Signup and view all the answers

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

It is a cancer of myeloid line of blood cells and it is the most common acute leukemia. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal bite blood cells and it stays in the marrow, it also stops the production of other cells. It is inherited in the heterogenous group with clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts. it is diagnosed when there is more that 20% of myeloid blasts in bone marrow or peripheral blood. It has immature myeoblasts and many nuclei with a linear Auer rods. Signup and view all the answers

what is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?

is is a subtype of AML that is caused by a translocation between of RARAa and chromosome 17, and PML on chromosome 15. It causes bleeding disorders from DIC and fibrinal lysis. It is treated with ATRA and arsenic and trioxide (ATO) Signup and view all the answers

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

It is characterized by increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in bone marrow that are mature but they stay in the bloood. It is a clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder and it causes proliferation of mature granuloycytes. It is caused by the translocation of the philade[hia chromosome which is a translocation between chromosomes 9 & 22 that results in a BCR_ABLI. It is treated with TKI drugs Signup and view all the answers

(FISH) FLuorescent in situ hybridization?

It is a detected molecular abnormalities and it rese,nobles mature lymphocytes and it causes smudge cells. It includes del (11q) and del (17q) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

T cell

A type of white blood cell involved in the adaptive immune response, with roles in cell-mediated immunity.

Helper T cell

A subtype of T cell that produces cytokines to enhance the immune response.