Leukemia and Leukocytosis Quiz

Leukocytosis is an abnormally high white blood cell count, often indicating an infection or inflammation.

Chronic leukemias progress slowly while acute leukemias progress rapidly.

The epidermis acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of pathogens and constantly shedding to remove microbes.

<p>Normal flora are beneficial bacteria that compete with harmful microbes for space and resources, helping to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebum, which lubricates the skin and has a slightly acidic pH, and sweat, which contains salts, can inhibit microbial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucus traps microbes and other particles inhaled through the nose, helping to keep the respiratory tract clear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrissae filter out larger particles from inhaled air, preventing them from reaching the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier, while mucus traps microbes, and normal flora compete with harmful microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T helper cells activate other immune cells, including B cells and macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cytotoxic cells directly kill infected or abnormal cells, while T regulatory cells suppress the immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basophils release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, contributing to allergic responses and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymus is vital for T cell maturation and selection, ensuring that functional T cells can effectively recognize antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NK cells directly kill infected or abnormal cells without prior activation, playing a key role in viral defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B plasma cells produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens and neutralize them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, releasing enzymes that damage parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons are proteins produced by infected cells that signal neighboring cells to enter an antiviral state, inhibiting viral replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable region of an antibody binds to a specific antigen, allowing for precise targeting of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory cells remember past encounters with antigens, allowing for a rapid and robust response upon re-exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine causes vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Margination is the process where white blood cells adhere to the walls of blood vessels at the site of injury, allowing for targeted response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production, including lymphocytes, which are essential for immune defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complement system lyses pathogens, promotes inflammation, and enhances phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary lymphatic structures, such as lymph nodes and spleen, are where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diapedesis is the movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls into tissues, vital for fighting infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agglutination clumps pathogens together, making them easier for phagocytes to engulf and eliminate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary response is the initial, slower immune reaction to a new antigen, while the secondary response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement fixation activates the complement system to lyse pathogens and promote inflammation, aiding in their elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opsonization involves coating pathogens with antibodies to enhance their phagocytosis, making them more recognizable to immune cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Three Rs' are Recognize, React, and Remember, representing the immune system's capabilities to detect antigens, respond to them, and retain memory for faster future responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active immunity is generated through the body's own antibody production after exposure to an antigen, like during vaccination, while passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies, such as from mother to child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer cells are activated to destroy infected or abnormal cells, playing a key role in the innate immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells are stimulated by antigens to produce antibodies, which are proteins that specifically bind to these foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia move mucus and trapped particles upward, helping to expel them from the lungs, which is essential for maintaining a clean respiratory tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment that can kill many microbes ingested with food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozyme breaks down bacterial cell walls, effectively neutralizing certain types of microbes present in the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The flushing action of urine removes microbes from the urinary tract, helping to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages engage in phagocytosis to destroy pathogens and also present antigens that activate the adaptive immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defensins and dermicidin are antimicrobial peptides that kill a variety of microbes on skin and mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils are the first responders that engulf and destroy bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunoglobulin A neutralizes microbes in secretions like mucus, tears, and saliva, preventing their entry into the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Lymphoid Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They compete with harmful microbes for resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traps microbes and particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exfoliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They release histamine and inflammatory mediators to contribute to allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They combat parasitic infections and participate in allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It weakens the immune system, making it more vulnerable to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lyse pathogens and promote inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificially acquired immunity comes from receiving pre-formed antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adherence of white blood cells to the walls of blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergies (Hypersensitivities).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognize, React, Remember.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Killer (NK) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engulfing and digesting them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engulfing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapping microbes and particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the number of microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificially Acquired Active Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognize</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infected or Abnormal Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving pre-formed antibodies from another source</p> Signup and view all the answers