Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the most common form of childhood leukemia?
What is the characteristic of Chronic Leukemia in children?
Which type of leukemia affects the lymphocytes?
What is a characteristic of Acute Leukemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of the genetic change in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of childhood leukemia diagnoses that is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristics of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of the over-production of immature WBC in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of the chromosome translocation in CML?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the age range of children most commonly affected by Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy in the diagnosis of leukemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of uncontrolled cell growth in leukemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Immunophenotyping and Cytogenetic Analysis in the diagnosis of leukemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common sign or symptom of leukemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common characteristic of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Leukemia in Children
- A hematological malignancy or cancer of the blood that develops in the bone marrow.
- Most common childhood cancer, with two main types: Acute and Chronic.
Acute Leukemia
- Develops and worsens quickly (over days to weeks).
- Most common type of childhood leukemia.
Types of Acute Leukemia
-
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Most common form of childhood leukemia (75-80% of cases).
- Affects lymphocytes, a type of White Blood Cells (WBC) that fights infection.
- Bone marrow produces too many immature WBC that do not mature correctly.
-
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Accounts for 20% of childhood leukemia cases.
- Cancer of the blood where too many myeloblasts (immature WBC) are produced in the bone marrow.
- Abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells and do not work properly to fight infection.
-
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
- A specific type of AML.
- Promyelocytes are produced and build up in the bone marrow.
- Specific chromosome translocation (chromosome 15 and 17) prevents promyelocytes from maturing properly.
Chronic Leukemia
- Develops slowly, over months to years.
- Rare in children, but does occur.
Types of Chronic Leukemia
-
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Rare in children, but does occur.
- Too many immature WBC are produced, crowding out healthy blood cells.
- Chromosome translocation (chromosome 9 and 22) leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
-
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Extremely rare in children.
-
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
- Rare, most commonly occurs in children under the age of four.
- Myelomonocytic cells are overproduced and invade the spleen, lungs, and intestines.
Signs and Symptoms of Leukemia
- Continuous weight loss
- Headache, persistent nausea and vomiting with or without seizure
- Increased swelling or persistent pain in bones, joints, back or legs
- Lump or mass (swollen lymph nodes) – abdomen, neck, chest, armpits
- Development of rash, bleeding, bruises (including petechiae)
- Constant / recurrent infections
- Abdominal pain or fullness, which may cause shortness of breath or loss of appetite
- Noticeable paleness of skin
- Constant tiredness
- Eye or vision changes
- Recurrent or persistent fever
Causes of Leukemia
- Exact cause of most cases of childhood leukemia is not known.
- Most children with leukemia do not have any known risk factors.
Diagnosis of Leukemia
- Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy to look for and collect leukemia cells.
- Immunophenotyping and Cytogenetic Analysis are performed on the cells to further determine the type of leukemia.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers leukemia in preschoolers, its types, and characteristics. Learn about acute and chronic leukemia and its differences.
