Lesson 13C: Bones Overview

Lesson 13C: Bones

• Periosteum: The tough white tissue that covers the bone
• Spongy Bone: Hard and rigid bone with empty spaces
• Compact Bone: Very hard bone made of circular layers
• Bone Marrow: Fills the hollow region at the center of the bone. Two types:
  • Red bone marrow: Makes blood cells
  • Yellow bone marrow: Primarily made of fat
• Cartilage: A type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone
• Growth Plates: Areas on the body where cartilage can be found. These are needed for bone growth
• Joints: The place where two or more bones meet. There are two types:
  • Ligaments: Tough, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones together at a joint, allowing movement in one or more directions
  • Movable joints: Allow movement in numerous directions
  • Immovable joints: Bones are permanently fused together and prevent any movement (e.g., the skull)
• Examples of Immovable/Movable Joints:
  • Immovable: Skull
  • Movable: Shoulder, knee and wrist.
• Functions of the Skeletal System:
  • Support and movement
  • Protection
  • Mineral storage
    • Calcium: mineral that gives bones hardness and rigidity
  • Blood cell production: Red bone marrow produces red blood cells.

Axial Skeleton

• The central part of the skeleton, it contains the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

• The part of the skeleton including the bones in the arms, legs, pelvic, and pectoral girdles.