Lesion in the T10 Region
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Questions and Answers

Which descending pathway is commonly referred to as the pyramidal tract?

  • Tectospinal tract
  • Vestibulospinal tract
  • Reticulospinal tract
  • Corticospinal tract (correct)
  • Which type of paralysis is commonly associated with spasticity?

  • Ataxic paralysis
  • Hypotonic paralysis
  • Supranuclear paralysis (correct)
  • Flaccid paralysis
  • Which reflex is typically lost or diminished in patients with upper motor neuron lesions?

  • Myotatic reflexes
  • Clonus reflex
  • Babinski reflex
  • Superficial reflexes (correct)
  • What is the term used to describe the increased resistance to passive movement in patients with spasticity?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is responsible for the clasp-knife reflex?

    <p>Rubrospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemisphere of the brain is typically responsible for visual/spatial perception and memory?

    <p>Right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the impairment of language and the loss of mental control of previously learned fine movements?

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to recognize persons or objects, despite having known them before?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech output and poor word and sentence comprehension?

    <p>Global aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a homonymous hemianopia imply?

    <p>A lesion of the optic radiation of occipital cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an upper motor neuron?

    <p>Brisk reflexes on the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an upper motor neuron?

    <p>To control lower motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the crossing of motor pathways in the brain occur?

    <p>Pyramidal decussation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tract is responsible for the crossed part of the motor pathway?

    <p>Pyramidal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two pathways through which upper motor neurons control lower motor neurons?

    <p>Corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Superficial reflexes often unaltered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response in the plantar reflex?

    <p>Flexion of all toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is affected in pseudobulbar palsy?

    <p>Vagus nerve (X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a lesion in the internal capsule?

    <p>Hemi-anopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a brainstem lesion?

    <p>Produces crossed hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following visual field defects is characterized by the loss of part of a visual field?

    <p>Hemianopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to recognize visual stimuli?

    <p>Visual agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual perception disturbance is characterized by seeing things larger than they actually are?

    <p>Macropsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to write, perform mathematical calculations, name, discriminate, or identify fingers, and distinguish left from right?

    <p>Gerstmann syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 72-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and hypertension suddenly awakens with deviation of her mouth angle to the left, weakness of the right arm and leg. What is the likely cause of her symptoms?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is responsible for sensory processing, including touch, pain, and temperature?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by disproportionately impaired repetition with otherwise fluent speech?

    <p>Conduction aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the severe impairment in all aspects of language, often involving both anterior and posterior language areas of the brain?

    <p>Global aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemisphere of the brain is typically responsible for auditory processing?

    <p>Left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to carry out an action in response to verbal command, in the absence of problems with comprehension?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is responsible for the clasp-knife reflex?

    <p>Reticulospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the increased resistance to passive movement in patients with spasticity?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tract is responsible for the crossed part of the motor pathway?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of symptoms in a patient who suddenly awakens with deviation of the mouth angle to the left, weakness of the right arm and leg?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemisphere of the brain is typically responsible for auditory processing?

    <p>Right hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion?

    <p>Flaccid paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to carry out an action in response to verbal command, in the absence of problems with comprehension?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is affected in pseudobulbar palsy?

    <p>Cranial nerve VII (Facial)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of the symptoms in the 72-year-old woman described in the text?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the crossing of motor pathways in the brain occur?

    <p>Internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Superficial reflexes often unaltered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is affected in pseudobulbar palsy?

    <p>Facial nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to recognize persons or objects, despite having known them before?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is responsible for the clasp-knife reflex?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the impairment of language and the loss of mental control of previously learned fine movements?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemisphere of the brain is typically responsible for language and language dependent memory?

    <p>Left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Impaired repetition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to recognize visual stimuli?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to carry out an action in response to verbal command, in the absence of problems with comprehension?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual perception disturbance is characterized by seeing things larger than they actually are?

    <p>Macropsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is responsible for movement, judgment, personality, and language?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is responsible for sensory processing, including touch, pain, and temperature?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is typically responsible for auditory processing?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is responsible for vision?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech output and poor word and sentence comprehension?

    <p>Conduction aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following visual field defects is characterized by the loss of part of a visual field?

    <p>Hemianopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to recognize visual stimuli?

    <p>Visual agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech output and poor word and sentence comprehension?

    <p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to write, perform mathematical calculations, name, discriminate, or identify fingers, and distinguish left from right?

    <p>Agraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is commonly referred to as the pyramidal tract?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the upper motor neuron?

    <p>It is formed by the cortical motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pyramidal tract?

    <p>Control lower motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extra pyramidal tract?

    <p>Control upper motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the crossing of motor pathways in the brain occur?

    <p>In the pyramidal decussation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of the symptoms described in the text?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Decreased deep tendon reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the increased resistance to passive movement in patients with spasticity?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is responsible for the clasp-knife reflex?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to carry out an action in response to verbal command, in the absence of problems with comprehension?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is affected in pseudobulbar palsy?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending pathway is commonly referred to as the pyramidal tract?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to coordinate muscle activity in the performance of a motor task?

    <p>Spastic paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of upper motor neuron lesions?

    <p>Increased deep tendon reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of symptoms in a patient who suddenly awakens with deviation of the mouth angle to the left, weakness of the right arm and leg?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the increased resistance to passive movement in patients with spasticity?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemisphere of the brain is typically responsible for language and language dependent memory?

    <p>Left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to recognize persons or objects, despite having known them before?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the increased resistance to passive movement in patients with spasticity?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following visual field defects is characterized by the loss of part of a visual field?

    <p>Scotoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech output and poor word and sentence comprehension?

    <p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is responsible for sensory processing, including touch, pain, and temperature?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to recognize visual stimuli?

    <p>Agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by relatively spared repetition?

    <p>Transcortical motor aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to carry out an action in response to verbal command, in the absence of problems with comprehension?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is typically responsible for auditory processing?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a visual field defect characterized by a blind spot?

    <p>Scotoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to recognize visual stimuli?

    <p>Visual agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them?

    <p>Apraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a neuropsychological disorder characterized by the tetrad of inability to write, perform mathematical calculations, name, discriminate, or identify fingers, and distinguish left from right?

    <p>Gerstmann syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of deviation of mouth angle to the left, weakness of the right arm and leg in a 72-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and hypertension?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

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