Leptospirosis and Gastroenteritis Quiz

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What is the purpose of heating food to boiling point and sealing it into a can?

To kill microorganisms in the food and prevent the entry of new organisms from the air.

What is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Antiseptics are applied to living tissues to kill microbes, while disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes.

Explain how antibiotics work to treat bacterial infections.

Antibiotics can interrupt the metabolic pathways of bacteria causing them to die, or weaken the cell walls of bacteria leading to their burst.

What is the purpose of using disinfection in controlling microorganisms?

Disinfection is used to destroy pathogens on non-living surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a chemical agent used as an antiseptic.

Bleach Signup and view all the answers

How do antiseptics prevent infection?

Antiseptics prevent infection by stopping the reproduction of or destroying microorganisms on the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of leptospirosis caused by Leptospira spirochaetes?

Headache, limb and muscle pains, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, inflamed reddened eyes, jaundice, liver and kidney failure, internal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves antibodies produced from a natural infection?

Natural active acquired immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group is considered the universal donor?

Group O Signup and view all the answers

How can one prevent leptospirosis infection?

Destroy rats and fleas, avoid water with rat and other animal urine as potential source of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of sterilization that involves placing objects in boiling water?

Boiling Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of gastroenteritis caused by rotaviruses, Salmonella, E.Coli, and Giardia?

Fever, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, dehydration, muscle ache Signup and view all the answers

How can one prevent gastroenteritis infection?

Good hygiene, avoid raw or undercooked foods, stay away from infected persons Signup and view all the answers

How is natural passive immunity passed on to babies?

Through colostrum and breast milk Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves antibodies produced by a vaccine?

Artificial active acquired immunity Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of dengue fever caused by the Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes?

Headache, fever, rash, muscles and joint pain, brief feeling of wellness before sickness and vomiting, liver enlarges, hemorrhaging may occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood group compatibility for a recipient with blood group AB?

Universal recipient Signup and view all the answers

How can one prevent dengue fever infection?

Destroy adult mosquito and larvae, sleep under mosquito nets, isolate carriers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of biological control in maintaining environmental sanitation?

Fish feed on mosquito's aquatic stage introduced into stagnant water. Signup and view all the answers

List four ways in which a pathogen can enter the body.

Through skin, through air into respiratory system, by sexual intercourse, in food or water into alimentary canal. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between a drug and a medicine.

A drug is a chemical substance that can alter body function, while a medicine is a chemical treatment for an illness. Signup and view all the answers

Define drug abuse and drug dependence.

Drug abuse is taking drugs in excess or for non-medical reasons, while drug dependence is relying on a drug's effects and wanting to take it repeatedly. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of prescriptive drugs in disease prevention or cure.

Prescriptive drugs are taken under medical supervision for the prevention or cure of disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of addictive drugs called stimulants?

Stimulants speed up the action of the nervous system, making users feel more confident and alert. Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria and algae in water polluted by fertilizers affect the oxygen supply?

They deplete the oxygen supply in the water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which toxic chemicals from pesticides build up in the bodies of organisms and are carried up through the food chain known as?

Bioaccumulation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when rainwater falls on the land and runs off into the sea?

Some of it passes through the soil until it reaches non-porous rocks. Signup and view all the answers

What method of water purification involves using chlorine or iodine to kill bacteria and destroy viruses?

Purification tablets Signup and view all the answers

How does the sun contribute to water purification when using a plastic bottle?

The sun's UVA rays pasteurize the water. Signup and view all the answers

What role does evaporation play in the water cycle?

Evaporation from the sea, inland surface water, and plants contributes to cloud formation. Signup and view all the answers