Legal Principles and Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of an ombudsman?

  • To represent parties in a legal dispute.
  • To act as a judge in a court of law.
  • To conduct investigations and gather evidence for the prosecution.
  • To help resolve conflicts or concerns between individuals or groups. (correct)

Which legal standard is used in criminal cases to prove a defendant's guilt?

  • Clear and convincing evidence
  • Preponderance of evidence
  • Reasonable suspicion
  • Proof beyond a reasonable doubt (correct)

Which legal system involves an impartial jury or judge listening to both sides present their cases?

  • Inquisitorial system (correct)
  • Common law system
  • Adversarial system
  • Civil law system

What is the significance of Gideon v. Wainwright?

<p>It guaranteed the right to a lawyer for those who cannot afford one. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the right to due process of law?

<p>14th Amendment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organization that licenses lawyers?

<p>Bar Association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'voir dire' refer to in a legal context?

<p>The selection and screening of potential jurors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the sum of money a lawyer requires upfront to take on a case?

<p>Retainer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of a lawyer from the Bar Association?

<p>Disbarred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the right of a person to not disclose certain information?

<p>Privilege (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of common law?

<p>It is based on judicial decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a trial court?

<p>To hear a case for the first time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which party brings a case against another in a court of law?

<p>Plaintiff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an error of law?

<p>A mistake in the application of the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dissenting opinion in an appellate court?

<p>An opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a statute?

<p>A law passed by a legislative body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is arbitration?

<p>A method of dispute resolution where a neutral third party makes a decision after hearing both sides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bill of Rights?

<p>The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantee certain freedoms and rights to individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard of proof in civil cases called?

<p>Preponderance of Evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opinion of the judges in a case called?

<p>Majority Opinion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a civil wrong that results in harm to someone else?

<p>Tort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle of government focuses on dividing power among different branches to prevent abuse?

<p>Separation of Powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the others?

<p>Checks and Balances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for legal proceedings in a court of law?

<p>Litigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for using force to compel someone to do something against their will?

<p>Duress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Supremacy Clause?

<p>To ensure federal laws supersede conflicting state laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the final outcome of a legal matter?

<p>Disposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines a plaintiff?

<p>A person who files a complaint initiating a lawsuit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do appellate courts play in the legal system?

<p>They hear appeals and review decisions for legal errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the period of probation and services following a release from a facility?

<p>Aftercare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to laws that hold parents accountable for their children's actions?

<p>Parental Responsibility Laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are precedents important in the legal process?

<p>They help ensure consistency in judicial decisions over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is common law primarily developed from?

<p>Judicial decisions rendered in court cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for young individuals who commit status offenses?

<p>Status Offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a legal principle that refers to the state acting as a guardian for those unable to care for themselves?

<p>Parens Patriae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'jurisprudence' refer to?

<p>The study or theory of law systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a felony?

<p>A serious crime punishable by more than one year of imprisonment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with the power to examine legislative actions for constitutional consistency?

<p>Judicial Review (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a misdemeanor?

<p>A less serious crime punishable by less than one year in jail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'veto' signify?

<p>The authority to block legislation passed by the legislature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'jurisprudence' refer to?

<p>The study of law and legal systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a misdemeanor from a felony?

<p>Misdemeanors are less serious and typically punishable by less than one year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'judicial review'?

<p>The authority of a court to assess the constitutionality of legislative or executive actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a veto enable a Chief executive to do?

<p>Block legislation passed by the legislature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Parens Patriae imply about the state's responsibilities?

<p>The state has the authority to act as a guardian for certain individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes delinquent offenders from status offenders?

<p>Delinquent offenders commit serious crimes while status offenders commit non-criminal acts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of parent responsibility laws?

<p>To hold parents accountable for their children's behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes preventive detention?

<p>Detaining someone before trial if they pose a danger to public safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during an adjudicatory hearing?

<p>A judge determines the facts and law of a case. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Settlement

An agreement that ends a dispute and dismisses legal actions.

Arbitration

A formal process resolving disputes with a neutral third party outside court.

Mediation

A flexible process where a neutral party helps reach an agreement.

Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

A legal standard requiring clear evidence of a defendant's guilt.

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Due Process of Law

Legal process ensuring equality and respect for rights for all.

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Litigators

Lawyers who represent clients in court.

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Attorney-client Privilege

Confidentiality protection for client communications with their lawyer.

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Bar Association

Organizations that regulate and license lawyers.

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Contingency Fee

Payment to a lawyer only if the case is won.

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Voir Dire

The process of selecting jurors for a trial.

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Common Law

A legal system based on judicial decisions rather than statutes.

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Trial Courts

A court that hears a case for the first time, also known as original jurisdiction.

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Plaintiff

A person who brings a case against another in a court of law.

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Appeals Court

A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts.

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Precedent

An earlier event regarded as an example for similar future cases.

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Tort

A civil wrong that causes someone else to suffer loss or harm.

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Separation of Powers

A principle of government that divides power among different branches to prevent abuse.

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Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the others.

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Litigation

Legal proceedings in a court of law.

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Duress

The use of force to compel someone to do something against their will.

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Majority Opinion

The opinion of the judges that establishes the court's ruling.

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Burden of Proof

The obligation to prove one's claims in a legal case.

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Preponderance of Evidence

The standard of proof in civil cases, meaning more likely true than not.

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Statute

A law enacted by a legislative body.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that protect individual freedoms.

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Jurisprudence

The study or theory of law and legal systems.

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Felony

A serious crime punishable by over one year of imprisonment or death.

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Misdemeanor

A less serious crime, generally punishable by a fine or less than one year in jail.

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Veto

The power of a chief executive to block legislation.

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Judicial Review

The court's power to examine actions for constitutionality.

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Federalism

A system where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.

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Supremacy Clause

A clause establishing the Constitution and federal laws as the supreme law of the land.

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Appellate Courts

Courts that review and decide on appeals from lower court decisions.

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The Defendant

The individual or party accused in a legal case.

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Corporal Punishment

Intentional infliction of physical pain as punishment, usually by hitting or spanking.

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Parens Patriae

Legal doctrine allowing the state to act as guardian for those unable to care for themselves.

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Delinquent Offenders

Minors who commit crimes that would be criminal for adults.

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Status Offenders

Minors committing non-criminal acts illegal due to their age.

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Preventive Detention

Detaining someone before trial due to public safety risks.

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Disposition

The final outcome of a legal matter.

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Aftercare

A period of probation after release from a facility.

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Intake

The process of assessing a youth's needs upon entry.

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Study Notes

Settlement

  • An agreement between parties in a dispute that ends the dispute and results in the dismissal of any related litigation.

Arbitration

  • A formal process for resolving disputes outside of court with the help of a neutral third party.

Mediation

  • A flexible process where a neutral third party helps people in a dispute reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

Ombudsman

  • People who assist individuals and groups in the resolution of conflicts or concerns. Their role is to be a neutral party to concerns of their visitors.

Reasonable Doubt

  • A legal standard that requires prosecution to prove a defendant's guilt in a criminal case.

Preponderance of Evidence

  • Enough evidence to support a claim more than it doesn't.

Adversarial System

  • A legal system where the court is actively involved investigating a case and gathering evidence.

Inquisitorial System

  • A legal system where two opposing sides present their cases to an impartial judge or jury.

Due Process of Law

  • A legal process that ensures the government treats people fairly and respects their rights.

Nine justices on the Supreme Court

  • Crucial to the Court's decisions

Gideon V. Wainwright

  • 6th Amendment: Allow to have a lawyer

14th Amendment: Due process from the state

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