Legal Principles and Procedures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of an ombudsman?

  • To represent parties in a legal dispute.
  • To act as a judge in a court of law.
  • To conduct investigations and gather evidence for the prosecution.
  • To help resolve conflicts or concerns between individuals or groups. (correct)

    • Which legal standard is used in criminal cases to prove a defendant's guilt?

  • Clear and convincing evidence
  • Preponderance of evidence
  • Reasonable suspicion
  • Proof beyond a reasonable doubt (correct)

    • Which legal system involves an impartial jury or judge listening to both sides present their cases?

  • Inquisitorial system (correct)
  • Common law system
  • Adversarial system
  • Civil law system

    • What is the significance of Gideon v. Wainwright?

    <p>It guaranteed the right to a lawyer for those who cannot afford one. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the right to due process of law?

    <p>14th Amendment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that licenses lawyers?

    <p>Bar Association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'voir dire' refer to in a legal context?

    <p>The selection and screening of potential jurors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the sum of money a lawyer requires upfront to take on a case?

    <p>Retainer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of a lawyer from the Bar Association?

    <p>Disbarred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the right of a person to not disclose certain information?

    <p>Privilege (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of common law?

    <p>It is based on judicial decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a trial court?

    <p>To hear a case for the first time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which party brings a case against another in a court of law?

    <p>Plaintiff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an error of law?

    <p>A mistake in the application of the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dissenting opinion in an appellate court?

    <p>An opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a statute?

    <p>A law passed by a legislative body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is arbitration?

    <p>A method of dispute resolution where a neutral third party makes a decision after hearing both sides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bill of Rights?

    <p>The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantee certain freedoms and rights to individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard of proof in civil cases called?

    <p>Preponderance of Evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opinion of the judges in a case called?

    <p>Majority Opinion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a civil wrong that results in harm to someone else?

    <p>Tort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of government focuses on dividing power among different branches to prevent abuse?

    <p>Separation of Powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the others?

    <p>Checks and Balances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for legal proceedings in a court of law?

    <p>Litigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for using force to compel someone to do something against their will?

    <p>Duress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Supremacy Clause?

    <p>To ensure federal laws supersede conflicting state laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the final outcome of a legal matter?

    <p>Disposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately defines a plaintiff?

    <p>A person who files a complaint initiating a lawsuit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do appellate courts play in the legal system?

    <p>They hear appeals and review decisions for legal errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the period of probation and services following a release from a facility?

    <p>Aftercare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to laws that hold parents accountable for their children's actions?

    <p>Parental Responsibility Laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are precedents important in the legal process?

    <p>They help ensure consistency in judicial decisions over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common law primarily developed from?

    <p>Judicial decisions rendered in court cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for young individuals who commit status offenses?

    <p>Status Offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a legal principle that refers to the state acting as a guardian for those unable to care for themselves?

    <p>Parens Patriae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'jurisprudence' refer to?

    <p>The study or theory of law systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a felony?

    <p>A serious crime punishable by more than one year of imprisonment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is associated with the power to examine legislative actions for constitutional consistency?

    <p>Judicial Review (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misdemeanor?

    <p>A less serious crime punishable by less than one year in jail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'veto' signify?

    <p>The authority to block legislation passed by the legislature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'jurisprudence' refer to?

    <p>The study of law and legal systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a misdemeanor from a felony?

    <p>Misdemeanors are less serious and typically punishable by less than one year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'judicial review'?

    <p>The authority of a court to assess the constitutionality of legislative or executive actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a veto enable a Chief executive to do?

    <p>Block legislation passed by the legislature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Parens Patriae imply about the state's responsibilities?

    <p>The state has the authority to act as a guardian for certain individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes delinquent offenders from status offenders?

    <p>Delinquent offenders commit serious crimes while status offenders commit non-criminal acts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of parent responsibility laws?

    <p>To hold parents accountable for their children's behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes preventive detention?

    <p>Detaining someone before trial if they pose a danger to public safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during an adjudicatory hearing?

    <p>A judge determines the facts and law of a case. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Settlement

    • An agreement between parties in a dispute that ends the dispute and results in the dismissal of any related litigation.

    Arbitration

    • A formal process for resolving disputes outside of court with the help of a neutral third party.

    Mediation

    • A flexible process where a neutral third party helps people in a dispute reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

    Ombudsman

    • People who assist individuals and groups in the resolution of conflicts or concerns. Their role is to be a neutral party to concerns of their visitors.

    Reasonable Doubt

    • A legal standard that requires prosecution to prove a defendant's guilt in a criminal case.

    Preponderance of Evidence

    • Enough evidence to support a claim more than it doesn't.

    Adversarial System

    • A legal system where the court is actively involved investigating a case and gathering evidence.

    Inquisitorial System

    • A legal system where two opposing sides present their cases to an impartial judge or jury.

    Due Process of Law

    • A legal process that ensures the government treats people fairly and respects their rights.

    Nine justices on the Supreme Court

    • Crucial to the Court's decisions

    Gideon V. Wainwright

    • 6th Amendment: Allow to have a lawyer

    14th Amendment: Due process from the state

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential legal principles and procedures with this quiz. Questions cover the role of an ombudsman, the significance of landmark cases, and fundamental rights protected under the U.S. Constitution. Perfect for law students and anyone interested in understanding the legal system.

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