Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does bracketing refer to in the context of counseling?
What does bracketing refer to in the context of counseling?
- Imposing a counselor's personal values on clients
- Ignoring the importance of values in counseling
- Separating a counselor's personal values from professional values (correct)
- Agreeing with clients' conflicting values
Why is it important for counselors to respect values different from their own?
Why is it important for counselors to respect values different from their own?
- To avoid imposing their values on clients (correct)
- To impose their own values on clients
- To maintain a biased counseling approach
- To promote diversity among clients
What is the role of ethics in counseling?
What is the role of ethics in counseling?
- Promoting counselors to ignore professional ethics
- Discouraging ethical behavior in counselors
- Providing guidelines for moral decision-making in counseling (correct)
- Encouraging counselors to impose their personal ethics on clients
How do counselors demonstrate competency in serving clients with conflicting values?
How do counselors demonstrate competency in serving clients with conflicting values?
Why is it important for professional counselors to adhere to ethical standards?
Why is it important for professional counselors to adhere to ethical standards?
What is one of the objectives of the course mentioned in the text?
What is one of the objectives of the course mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a core area of professional identity according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a core area of professional identity according to the text?
Why is it important for counselors to be able to explain what they believe?
Why is it important for counselors to be able to explain what they believe?
What do morals, values, and ethics have in common based on the text?
What do morals, values, and ethics have in common based on the text?
How does CACREP contribute to counselor preparation according to the text?
How does CACREP contribute to counselor preparation according to the text?
What is the main difference between morals and ethics?
What is the main difference between morals and ethics?
How do values differ from morals and ethics?
How do values differ from morals and ethics?
In the context of relationships, how can morals be distinguished from values?
In the context of relationships, how can morals be distinguished from values?
Which statement best captures the relationship between morals and personal values?
Which statement best captures the relationship between morals and personal values?
How do cultural contexts influence the determination of morals?
How do cultural contexts influence the determination of morals?
According to John Stuart Mill's view on ethics, how should people decide which act to choose?
According to John Stuart Mill's view on ethics, how should people decide which act to choose?
In deontological ethics, how are actions evaluated?
In deontological ethics, how are actions evaluated?
What is a key focus of egoism in ethical perspectives?
What is a key focus of egoism in ethical perspectives?
How does altruism differ from egoism in terms of actions?
How does altruism differ from egoism in terms of actions?
What is the primary motivator behind ethical behavior according to the provided text?
What is the primary motivator behind ethical behavior according to the provided text?
Ethical absolutism posits that:
Ethical absolutism posits that:
In the context of ethics, ethical relativism suggests that:
In the context of ethics, ethical relativism suggests that:
Which of the following best describes the role of counseling in shaping ethical decision-making?
Which of the following best describes the role of counseling in shaping ethical decision-making?
What is the key characteristic of absolute moral standards according to the text?
What is the key characteristic of absolute moral standards according to the text?
How does the text define ethical reasoning as opposed to an inherent gift?
How does the text define ethical reasoning as opposed to an inherent gift?
Which of the following best describes the difference between laws and ethics?
Which of the following best describes the difference between laws and ethics?
What is the primary role of laws in society according to the text?
What is the primary role of laws in society according to the text?
How are ethical standards different from professional standards in counseling?
How are ethical standards different from professional standards in counseling?
What entity is responsible for interpreting and enforcing ethics in the counseling profession?
What entity is responsible for interpreting and enforcing ethics in the counseling profession?
How do criminal laws differ from civil laws according to the text?
How do criminal laws differ from civil laws according to the text?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between professionalism and ethics in counseling?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between professionalism and ethics in counseling?
If a counselor consistently violates legal standards but adheres strictly to ethical standards, how would their behavior be described based on the text?
If a counselor consistently violates legal standards but adheres strictly to ethical standards, how would their behavior be described based on the text?
What distinguishes best practice guidelines from ethical standards in counseling?
What distinguishes best practice guidelines from ethical standards in counseling?
In counseling, why is it insufficient for a counselor to only meet the minimum legal or ethical standards?
In counseling, why is it insufficient for a counselor to only meet the minimum legal or ethical standards?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between best practices and professionalism in counseling?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between best practices and professionalism in counseling?
If a counselor establishes an intimate relationship with a client, how would this act be categorized?
If a counselor establishes an intimate relationship with a client, how would this act be categorized?
When counselors practice bracketing, what is the main goal they are trying to achieve?
When counselors practice bracketing, what is the main goal they are trying to achieve?
What term is used in the text to describe the intentional setting aside of a counselor's personal values?
What term is used in the text to describe the intentional setting aside of a counselor's personal values?
How should counselors handle clients with conflicting values if they are unable to bracket effectively?
How should counselors handle clients with conflicting values if they are unable to bracket effectively?
What is the unique characteristic of a person's value system according to the text?
What is the unique characteristic of a person's value system according to the text?
In the context of counseling ethics, what does it mean for counselors to 'bracket' their personal values?
In the context of counseling ethics, what does it mean for counselors to 'bracket' their personal values?
What is the main requirement for counselors who have conflicting values with clients, as per the text?
What is the main requirement for counselors who have conflicting values with clients, as per the text?
What is the primary concern for counselors when dealing with clients whose values conflict with their own?
What is the primary concern for counselors when dealing with clients whose values conflict with their own?
How do personal values influence a counselor's professional conduct based on the text?
How do personal values influence a counselor's professional conduct based on the text?
What should counselors prioritize when working with clients who hold conflicting values?
What should counselors prioritize when working with clients who hold conflicting values?
What does 'bracketing' refer to in the context of counseling?
What does 'bracketing' refer to in the context of counseling?
How are personal values different from professional values according to the text?
How are personal values different from professional values according to the text?
What is the primary goal of counselors when they 'bracket' their personal values?
What is the primary goal of counselors when they 'bracket' their personal values?
How do personal values relate to professional conduct in counseling according to the text?
How do personal values relate to professional conduct in counseling according to the text?
What distinguishes personal values from a value system as per the text?
What distinguishes personal values from a value system as per the text?
What must counselors do if they cannot bracket their personal beliefs effectively?
What must counselors do if they cannot bracket their personal beliefs effectively?
How should counselors handle conflicting values with clients based on their own beliefs?
How should counselors handle conflicting values with clients based on their own beliefs?
What is the main challenge faced by counselors in respecting diverse client values?
What is the main challenge faced by counselors in respecting diverse client values?
How do morals differ from professional ethics according to the text?
How do morals differ from professional ethics according to the text?
What is the primary focus of the Principle Ethics movement described in the text?
What is the primary focus of the Principle Ethics movement described in the text?
In Cottone's classification of ethical intellectual movements, which movement emphasizes the character of the decision maker?
In Cottone's classification of ethical intellectual movements, which movement emphasizes the character of the decision maker?
What distinguishes Virtue Ethics from Principle Ethics as per Cottone's classification?
What distinguishes Virtue Ethics from Principle Ethics as per Cottone's classification?
According to Cottone's classification, what is the focus of Virtue Ethics movement?
According to Cottone's classification, what is the focus of Virtue Ethics movement?
What do counselors need to apply to resolve ethical dilemmas according to the text?
What do counselors need to apply to resolve ethical dilemmas according to the text?
According to Hare (1991), what two types of thinking are involved in ethical decision-making?
According to Hare (1991), what two types of thinking are involved in ethical decision-making?
Which work applied ethics of psychology and heavily drew on theories of moral development like Kohlberg's?
Which work applied ethics of psychology and heavily drew on theories of moral development like Kohlberg's?
What did Hill et al. (1995) propose as a basis for ethical decision-making in their model?
What did Hill et al. (1995) propose as a basis for ethical decision-making in their model?
Which perspective did Betan (1997) propose for ethical decision-making?
Which perspective did Betan (1997) propose for ethical decision-making?
In the empirical study by Cottone, Tarvydas, and House (1994), what conclusion did their results support regarding ethical choice?
In the empirical study by Cottone, Tarvydas, and House (1994), what conclusion did their results support regarding ethical choice?
What factor was identified as having a negative impact on decision-making under pressure?
What factor was identified as having a negative impact on decision-making under pressure?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'willingness' in the context of ethical decision-making?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'willingness' in the context of ethical decision-making?
According to Tarvydas' Integrative Decision-Making Model of Ethical Behavior, which of the following is NOT a key component?
According to Tarvydas' Integrative Decision-Making Model of Ethical Behavior, which of the following is NOT a key component?
In the context of ethical decision-making, what does 'bracketing' personal values refer to?
In the context of ethical decision-making, what does 'bracketing' personal values refer to?
What is the primary concern for counselors when dealing with clients whose values conflict with their own?
What is the primary concern for counselors when dealing with clients whose values conflict with their own?
What is the recommended approach when negotiation fails to resolve a disagreement about an ethical act?
What is the recommended approach when negotiation fails to resolve a disagreement about an ethical act?
How does the social constructivism model of ethical decision-making interface with multiculturalism, according to the text?
How does the social constructivism model of ethical decision-making interface with multiculturalism, according to the text?
What should counselors do when they cannot effectively bracket their personal values in working with clients who hold conflicting values?
What should counselors do when they cannot effectively bracket their personal values in working with clients who hold conflicting values?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of arbitration in the social constructivism process of ethical decision-making, as per the text?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of arbitration in the social constructivism process of ethical decision-making, as per the text?
How should counselors approach ethical decision-making when there is a conflict between their personal values and those of their clients?
How should counselors approach ethical decision-making when there is a conflict between their personal values and those of their clients?
What is the primary process involved in ethical decision-making from a social constructivist perspective?
What is the primary process involved in ethical decision-making from a social constructivist perspective?
What does the term 'consensualizing' refer to in the context of ethical decision-making?
What does the term 'consensualizing' refer to in the context of ethical decision-making?
What is the role of 'arbitrating' in the ethical decision-making process?
What is the role of 'arbitrating' in the ethical decision-making process?
What does the text suggest about the location of ethical decision-making from a social constructivist perspective?
What does the text suggest about the location of ethical decision-making from a social constructivist perspective?
What is the primary characteristic of the social constructivist approach to ethical decision-making?
What is the primary characteristic of the social constructivist approach to ethical decision-making?
According to the Tarvydas Integrative Model, at which stage does the decision-making process extend beyond most other ethical models?
According to the Tarvydas Integrative Model, at which stage does the decision-making process extend beyond most other ethical models?
Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying themes or attitudes necessary for the professional counselor in the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
Which of the following is NOT one of the underlying themes or attitudes necessary for the professional counselor in the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
Which of the following best describes the role of bracketing in the context of the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
Which of the following best describes the role of bracketing in the context of the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
Based on the information provided in the text, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the Tarvydas Integrative Model and other ethical decision-making models?
Based on the information provided in the text, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the Tarvydas Integrative Model and other ethical decision-making models?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of contextual and relational forces in the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of contextual and relational forces in the Tarvydas Integrative Model?
What is one unique aspect of Cottone's Constructivism Model of Ethical Decision Making?
What is one unique aspect of Cottone's Constructivism Model of Ethical Decision Making?
In applying social constructivism to ethical decision-making, what does the text suggest about decisions?
In applying social constructivism to ethical decision-making, what does the text suggest about decisions?
How does the process in Cottone's Constructivism Model differ from other ethical decision-making models?
How does the process in Cottone's Constructivism Model differ from other ethical decision-making models?
What is a key rationale for proposing the social constructivist model of ethical decision making?
What is a key rationale for proposing the social constructivist model of ethical decision making?
How does social constructivism view the relationship between language and understanding in decision-making?
How does social constructivism view the relationship between language and understanding in decision-making?
What is a distinctive characteristic of how decisions are viewed in social constructivism?
What is a distinctive characteristic of how decisions are viewed in social constructivism?
Why is social constructivism considered a unique perspective for framing ethical decisions?
Why is social constructivism considered a unique perspective for framing ethical decisions?
What does Cottone's Constructivism Model prioritize in ethical decision making?
What does Cottone's Constructivism Model prioritize in ethical decision making?
"Bracketing" personal values in counseling ethics primarily aims to achieve what?
"Bracketing" personal values in counseling ethics primarily aims to achieve what?
Study Notes
Ethical Decision Making
- Ethical decision making is a value-laden, but rational, process that involves distinct cognitive-affective elements.
- Cottone's (2012) classification of ethical intellectual movements includes:
- Principle Ethics: focuses on "What shall I do?" and is tied to established codes of ethics and decision-making practices.
- Virtue Ethics: recognizes that knowing "what to do" is not enough, and focuses on the character of the decision maker, asking "What shall I be?"
Ethical Decision-Making Models
- Theoretically or philosophically based models:
- Hare's (1991) model: involves absolute thinking and utilitarian thinking.
- Rest's (1984) model: applies ethics of psychology and draws on theories of moral development.
- Gutheil et al.'s (1991) model: accounts for uncertainty (probability) in decision making.
- Hill et al.'s (1995) model: based on a theory of feminism.
- Betan's (1997) model: proposes a hermeneutic perspective of ethical decision making.
- Cottone's (2001, 2004) model: based on social constructivism.
- Practice-based models:
- Tarvydas' Integrative Decision-Making Model of Ethical Behavior: incorporates principles and virtue aspects, and introduces relational (contextual) considerations.
Social Constructivism Model of Ethical Decision Making
- This model is based on the idea that decisions are made in the interaction between individuals, and that understanding is a reflection of a "community of understanding".
- The process involves negotiating, consensualizing, and arbitrating, and is fully interactive (interpersonal) rather than psychological (internal to the individual).
- The model is based on the works of Maturana (1978) and has been applied to ethical decision making in various contexts.
Professional Ethics
- Professional ethics refers to the conduct judged as good or right for counselors as a professional group.
- Ethical standards are created by members of the counseling profession and are interpreted and enforced by ethics committees and licensure and certification boards.
- Ethics committees and licensure and certification boards dictate the minimum standards of behavior that other counselors will tolerate from fellow professionals.
Morals, Values, and Ethics
- Morals are the "big picture" principles that guide behavior, and are derived from cultural contexts and religious standards.
- Values are personal and guide behavior, and are influenced by upbringing, culture, and religious beliefs.
- Ethics are the standards that guide behavior in specific circumstances, and are based on moral principles.
Theories of Ethics
- Utilitarianism: argues that people should choose the act that will do the greatest good for the greatest number.
- Deontology: argues that an action is justified by its being inherently right, not by its consequences.
- Egoism: actions taken out of self-interest.
- Altruism: actions taken out to benefit others.
Legal, Ethical, and Professional Behavior
-
Laws are created by elected officials, enforced by police, and interpreted by judges, and dictate the minimum standards of behavior that society will tolerate.
-
Ethics are created by members of the counseling profession and are interpreted and enforced by ethics committees and licensure and certification boards.
-
Professionalism is related to best practices, and involves conducting oneself in a professional manner, going beyond minimum legal and ethical standards.### Challenges with Values
-
Counselors must respect values different from their own and avoid imposing their values on clients.
-
Implicit bias can influence counseling, especially in sensitive topics such as:
- Abortion vs. life
- Marriage vs. divorce
- Heteronormality vs. diverse sexuality
Ethics and Moral Decision Making
- Ethics is a discipline within philosophy concerned with human conduct and moral decision making.
- An individual's ethical stance guides their behavior, expectations, and decision-making about what is good or right.
Bracketing and Counselor Values
- Bracketing is the intentional separation of a counselor's personal values from their professional values.
- This allows counselors to provide ethical and appropriate counseling to all clients, regardless of conflicting values.
- Counselors can maintain their own values and beliefs while still serving clients with differing values.
- If bracketing is not possible, alternative means must be considered to ensure the client is compassionately, competently, and ethically served.
Personal and Professional Values
- Values are similar to morals and determine what is good or right behavior.
- Personal values guide choices and behaviors and are unique to each individual, influenced by upbringing, culture, and religious beliefs.
- Personal values relate to professional values, and counselors must navigate these relationships to provide effective counseling.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the laws, ethics, and professional conduct that govern societal behavior. Understand the differences between criminal and civil laws and how they are enforced by the government. Explore the basic principles and rules of living together as a group.
