Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the standard of proof required in criminal law to establish a defendant's guilt?
What is the standard of proof required in criminal law to establish a defendant's guilt?
- Preponderance of evidence
- Balance of probabilities
- Clear and convincing evidence
- Beyond reasonable doubt (correct)
The duty of care for ambulance staff includes ensuring proper treatment for all patients.
The duty of care for ambulance staff includes ensuring proper treatment for all patients.
True (A)
What can result from a failure to provide reasonable care by ambulance staff?
What can result from a failure to provide reasonable care by ambulance staff?
Negligence
In civil law, the resolution typically involves compensation or ______.
In civil law, the resolution typically involves compensation or ______.
Match the following legal terms with their definitions:
Match the following legal terms with their definitions:
What is a key responsibility of ambulance staff regarding patient information?
What is a key responsibility of ambulance staff regarding patient information?
It is acceptable for ambulance staff to exceed their scope of practice without consulting a senior clinician.
It is acceptable for ambulance staff to exceed their scope of practice without consulting a senior clinician.
What are the Caldicott Principles designed to protect?
What are the Caldicott Principles designed to protect?
Due to the need for adequate ________, ambulance staff must meet certain competency criteria.
Due to the need for adequate ________, ambulance staff must meet certain competency criteria.
Match the following components of legal responsibilities with their descriptions:
Match the following components of legal responsibilities with their descriptions:
When should patient identifiable information be shared?
When should patient identifiable information be shared?
It is important for everyone with access to patient information to understand their responsibilities.
It is important for everyone with access to patient information to understand their responsibilities.
A staff member must be aware of the danger of exceeding their ________ of practice.
A staff member must be aware of the danger of exceeding their ________ of practice.
Who should make decisions about the non-conveyance of patients who have received aid?
Who should make decisions about the non-conveyance of patients who have received aid?
A patient should be assumed to require further assessment after recovering on scene.
A patient should be assumed to require further assessment after recovering on scene.
What should be recorded if two sets of clinical observations cannot be completed?
What should be recorded if two sets of clinical observations cannot be completed?
In a public place, if the patient is alone and unable to leave the scene unaided, you should contact _____ for assistance.
In a public place, if the patient is alone and unable to leave the scene unaided, you should contact _____ for assistance.
What should be done if a patient at a private address refuses aid?
What should be done if a patient at a private address refuses aid?
An AAP can assess the patient's capacity to make decisions on their own.
An AAP can assess the patient's capacity to make decisions on their own.
Match the scenarios with the appropriate actions:
Match the scenarios with the appropriate actions:
What must be left with a patient who refuses hospital attendance?
What must be left with a patient who refuses hospital attendance?
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Study Notes
Legal Aspects Affecting Ambulance Staff
- Criminal law focuses on maintaining societal order while civil law upholds individual rights.
- In criminal law, cases are resolved beyond reasonable doubt, leading to guilty or not guilty verdicts; civil law uses balance of probabilities for liability decisions.
Duty of Care
- Ambulance personnel must provide all reasonable care during patient management and treatment.
- Negligence claims may arise from failure to offer reasonable care, resulting in civil court action.
- Competence levels must be established, and adequate training is essential to meet competency criteria.
Clinical Negligence
- Key components of negligence include duty of care, breach of duty, and causation.
- Breach of duty implies failure to meet established care standards necessary for maintaining patient safety.
Scope of Practice
- Ambulance staff must adhere to the requirements and standards set by their employing Trust.
- Exceeding the scope of practice can present risks; staff should know when to escalate cases to more senior clinicians.
Confidentiality
- Patient information is confidential; only relevant details should be shared with entitled parties.
- Information may be collected from various sources, and it is essential to refrain from disclosing information against patient wishes unless necessary.
Caldicott Principles
- Justify the purpose for using patient-identifiable information and minimize its use.
- Ensure access to such information is restricted to those with a legitimate need to know.
- Legally compliant handling of patient data emphasizes the importance of confidentiality alongside the duty to share information when necessary.
Breach of Confidentiality
- Breaches are determined by senior clinicians based on circumstances surrounding patient care.
Treated but Not Conveyed
- Patients may not need conveyance if they recover before ambulance arrival or after on-scene aid.
- Clinical decisions regarding non-conveyance should follow Pathfinder and engage the Clinical Hub for consultation.
Patient Assessment and Documentation
- Efforts should be made to assess and treat patients, documenting two clinical observations on the PRF/eCPR.
- If observations are impossible, reasons must be documented clearly.
Refused Aid (Private Address)
- Persuade patients to accept assessment and care, while ensuring they have decision-making capacity.
- Use LA5 for capacity assessments; inform EOC and contact Clinical Hub for guidance if the patient is alone.
- Record all advice given and potential consequences on the PRF/ePCR; ensure responsible individuals receive copies of documentation.
Refused Aid (Public Place)
- Follow similar procedures as in private settings. If patients are alone and cannot leave safely, contact EOC and request police assistance while awaiting their arrival.
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