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Questions and Answers
What are the possible causes of pain in the posterior thigh?
What are the possible causes of pain in the posterior thigh?
- Rectus femoris pathology (correct)
- Hamstring pathology (correct)
- Ilioposoas pathology (correct)
- Gluteus medius pathology (correct)
- Piriformis pathology (correct)
- ITB/TFL pathology (correct)
- Sartorius pathology (correct)
True leg length discrepancy is measured as a difference between the ASIS and medial malleolus of 1-1.5 cm, side-side.
True leg length discrepancy is measured as a difference between the ASIS and medial malleolus of 1-1.5 cm, side-side.
True (A)
Where is the pain location associated with osteitis pubis?
Where is the pain location associated with osteitis pubis?
- Medial thigh/groin area, away from the pubic symphysis.
- Right at the pubic symphysis. (correct)
- Along the ITB/greater trochanter.
- Deep in the hip/ischial tuberosity.
The pain associated with iliolumbar SI ligament sprain is typically located in the lower back.
The pain associated with iliolumbar SI ligament sprain is typically located in the lower back.
Which type of hip pathology is associated with the feeling of "catching, locking, and clicking"?
Which type of hip pathology is associated with the feeling of "catching, locking, and clicking"?
When performing the SLR test, if the pain is present in the anterior thigh, it is associated with femoral nerve AN.
When performing the SLR test, if the pain is present in the anterior thigh, it is associated with femoral nerve AN.
What is the pain location associated with external snapping hip syndrome?
What is the pain location associated with external snapping hip syndrome?
Which of these is NOT a common finding when assessing the piriformis pathology patient?
Which of these is NOT a common finding when assessing the piriformis pathology patient?
The goniometer measurement is below 8 degrees in Anteroversion.
The goniometer measurement is below 8 degrees in Anteroversion.
What are possible causes of pain in the anterior thigh?
What are possible causes of pain in the anterior thigh?
Where is the pain location associated with adductor pathology?
Where is the pain location associated with adductor pathology?
True sciatica may have normal strength and length.
True sciatica may have normal strength and length.
What is the pain location associated with iliopsoas pathology?
What is the pain location associated with iliopsoas pathology?
Adductor pathology can be either acute or chronic.
Adductor pathology can be either acute or chronic.
The pain associated with a labral tear is often localized.
The pain associated with a labral tear is often localized.
Internal snapping hip syndrome is painful at degrees of when returning from.
Internal snapping hip syndrome is painful at degrees of when returning from.
Osteitis pubis is exclusively chronic/long-standing.
Osteitis pubis is exclusively chronic/long-standing.
The pain in the anterior thigh associated with femoral nerve AN is felt below 80 degrees of straight leg hip flexion.
The pain in the anterior thigh associated with femoral nerve AN is felt below 80 degrees of straight leg hip flexion.
What is the pain location associated with true sciatica?
What is the pain location associated with true sciatica?
The joint play reduces with FAI.
The joint play reduces with FAI.
What are the measurements of a true leg length discrepancy?
What are the measurements of a true leg length discrepancy?
What is the observation for an iliac crest contusion?
What is the observation for an iliac crest contusion?
What is the pain quality for an iliac crest contusion?
What is the pain quality for an iliac crest contusion?
What is the pain location for an avulsion fracture of the iliac crest?
What is the pain location for an avulsion fracture of the iliac crest?
What is the age group associated with apophysitis?
What is the age group associated with apophysitis?
What is the pain duration for osteitis pubis?
What is the pain duration for osteitis pubis?
What is the pain location for adductor pathology?
What is the pain location for adductor pathology?
What is the pain location for FAI?
What is the pain location for FAI?
What is the pain location for labral tear?
What is the pain location for labral tear?
What is the pain location for intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What is the pain location for intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What is the age group associated with OA?
What is the age group associated with OA?
What is the special test associated with OA?
What is the special test associated with OA?
What is the special test associated with labral tear?
What is the special test associated with labral tear?
What is the ROM affected for FAI?
What is the ROM affected for FAI?
What is the ROM affected for labral tear?
What is the ROM affected for labral tear?
What is the ROM affected for intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What is the ROM affected for intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What are two population groups associated with FAI?
What are two population groups associated with FAI?
What is the pain location associated with ischial bursitis?
What is the pain location associated with ischial bursitis?
What is the pain location associated with trochanteric bursitis?
What is the pain location associated with trochanteric bursitis?
What is the pain location associated with proximal hamstring pathology?
What is the pain location associated with proximal hamstring pathology?
What is the pain character associated with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
What is the pain character associated with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
What is the pain location associated with intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What is the pain location associated with intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
What is the pain location associated with piriformis pathology?
What is the pain location associated with piriformis pathology?
What is the pain location associated with sciatic nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with sciatic nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with tibial nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with tibial nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with common fibular nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with common fibular nerve AN?
What is the pain location associated with large disc lesion?
What is the pain location associated with large disc lesion?
What is the special test associated with anterior thigh AN?
What is the special test associated with anterior thigh AN?
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions in relation to True vs. functional leg length discrepancy:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions in relation to True vs. functional leg length discrepancy:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding clinical presentations:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding clinical presentations:
Which of these options are accurate regarding the pain associated with an iliac crest contusion?
Which of these options are accurate regarding the pain associated with an iliac crest contusion?
Which of these sports are commonly associated with iliac crest contusions?
Which of these sports are commonly associated with iliac crest contusions?
What is the typical pain quality experienced with an iliac crest fracture?
What is the typical pain quality experienced with an iliac crest fracture?
Which of these findings are associated with an avulsion fracture?
Which of these findings are associated with an avulsion fracture?
What is a common characteristic of pain associated with Apophysitis?
What is a common characteristic of pain associated with Apophysitis?
Which age group is most commonly affected by Apophysitis?
Which age group is most commonly affected by Apophysitis?
What is the typical duration of pain associated with Osteitis pubis?
What is the typical duration of pain associated with Osteitis pubis?
Where is the pain typically located in Osteitis pubis?
Where is the pain typically located in Osteitis pubis?
Which of these conditions is characterized by acute or chronic pain located more in the medial thigh/groin area, away from the pubic symphysis?
Which of these conditions is characterized by acute or chronic pain located more in the medial thigh/groin area, away from the pubic symphysis?
Osteitis pubis is more commonly seen in athletes involved in kicking sports, such as football and soccer.
Osteitis pubis is more commonly seen in athletes involved in kicking sports, such as football and soccer.
Match the following conditions with their corresponding pain locations:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding pain locations:
Which of these conditions is typically associated with catching, locking, and clicking sensations in the hip?
Which of these conditions is typically associated with catching, locking, and clicking sensations in the hip?
The FADDIR test, which assesses for pain when the hip is flexed and internally rotated, is more likely to be positive in patients with OA than those with FAI.
The FADDIR test, which assesses for pain when the hip is flexed and internally rotated, is more likely to be positive in patients with OA than those with FAI.
Labral tears are more likely to affect all ranges of motion (ROM) in the hip compared to FAI.
Labral tears are more likely to affect all ranges of motion (ROM) in the hip compared to FAI.
Which of these findings is characteristic of piriformis pathology?
Which of these findings is characteristic of piriformis pathology?
The Ober's test and Kendall's test are useful for assessing for tightness of the piriformis muscle.
The Ober's test and Kendall's test are useful for assessing for tightness of the piriformis muscle.
Which of these conditions is characterized by pain radiating down the posterior thigh and leg, often starting from the low back?
Which of these conditions is characterized by pain radiating down the posterior thigh and leg, often starting from the low back?
Which of these conditions is more likely to cause hypertrophied or shortened muscles?
Which of these conditions is more likely to cause hypertrophied or shortened muscles?
Select the condition that is characterized by pain localized along the ITB and greater trochanter?
Select the condition that is characterized by pain localized along the ITB and greater trochanter?
Internal snapping hip syndrome typically occurs when the hip returns from 90 degrees of flexion.
Internal snapping hip syndrome typically occurs when the hip returns from 90 degrees of flexion.
Which of these findings is most suggestive of an intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
Which of these findings is most suggestive of an intra-articular snapping hip syndrome?
Active straight leg raise (SLR) is typically painful in patients with femoral neck stress fractures.
Active straight leg raise (SLR) is typically painful in patients with femoral neck stress fractures.
Where is the pain usually localized in a patient with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
Where is the pain usually localized in a patient with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
Which of these findings is more likely to aggravate a femoral neck stress fracture?
Which of these findings is more likely to aggravate a femoral neck stress fracture?
Which of these signs is most likely to be present in a patient with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
Which of these signs is most likely to be present in a patient with a femoral shaft stress fracture?
Which special test is used to assess for a one-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction?
Which special test is used to assess for a one-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction?
The sacrospinous ligament limits all hip movements, including counter-nutation.
The sacrospinous ligament limits all hip movements, including counter-nutation.
Which of the following conditions is more likely to present with pain in the lower back?
Which of the following conditions is more likely to present with pain in the lower back?
Choose the condition most likely to have pain located in the central area of the sacrum, possibly causing pressure on the middle of the sacrum.
Choose the condition most likely to have pain located in the central area of the sacrum, possibly causing pressure on the middle of the sacrum.
Which of these conditions is characterized by pain located posteriorly, involving the entire sacrum and ischial tuberosity, often exacerbated with all movements?
Which of these conditions is characterized by pain located posteriorly, involving the entire sacrum and ischial tuberosity, often exacerbated with all movements?
Which of these special tests is mainly used to assess for pain in the upper pole of the SI joint?
Which of these special tests is mainly used to assess for pain in the upper pole of the SI joint?
The Hibbs test, a special test to check for SI joint dysfunction, commonly causes pain in the lower pole of the SI joint.
The Hibbs test, a special test to check for SI joint dysfunction, commonly causes pain in the lower pole of the SI joint.
Which of these conditions is more likely to result from counter-nutation?
Which of these conditions is more likely to result from counter-nutation?
Which of these conditions is commonly affected by a combination of counter-nutation, anterior translation, and posterior translation?
Which of these conditions is commonly affected by a combination of counter-nutation, anterior translation, and posterior translation?
The goniometer measurement for anteroversion should be greater than 15 degrees.
The goniometer measurement for anteroversion should be greater than 15 degrees.
In retroversion, the goniometer measurement is typically below 8 degrees.
In retroversion, the goniometer measurement is typically below 8 degrees.
Select the condition that is often characterized by pain in the hip during hiking or when the foot is at a top position.
Select the condition that is often characterized by pain in the hip during hiking or when the foot is at a top position.
Which special test is commonly used to assess for tight piriformis muscles?
Which special test is commonly used to assess for tight piriformis muscles?
A positive Trendelenburg sign is indicative of a tight sartorius muscle.
A positive Trendelenburg sign is indicative of a tight sartorius muscle.
Which of these conditions is commonly associated with pain in the lower leg, sometimes extending down the length of the sartorius muscle?
Which of these conditions is commonly associated with pain in the lower leg, sometimes extending down the length of the sartorius muscle?
Which of these conditions is most likely to present with a decreased range of motion (ROM) in abduction and external rotation of the hip?
Which of these conditions is most likely to present with a decreased range of motion (ROM) in abduction and external rotation of the hip?
The tripod sign, characterized by an excessive inward lumbar curve, is commonly seen in patients with piriformis syndrome.
The tripod sign, characterized by an excessive inward lumbar curve, is commonly seen in patients with piriformis syndrome.
Which of these conditions typically presents with pain radiating down the posterior thigh and leg, starting from the low back, and potentially affecting the lower leg and foot?
Which of these conditions typically presents with pain radiating down the posterior thigh and leg, starting from the low back, and potentially affecting the lower leg and foot?
Pseudo sciatica is commonly associated with hypertrophied or shortened muscles.
Pseudo sciatica is commonly associated with hypertrophied or shortened muscles.
Which nerve is most likely to be affected in patients with sciatic nerve an?
Which nerve is most likely to be affected in patients with sciatic nerve an?
The symptom location in a patient with sural nerve an typically involves the lateral lower leg.
The symptom location in a patient with sural nerve an typically involves the lateral lower leg.
The symptom location in a patient with femoral nerve an is usually in the anterior thigh.
The symptom location in a patient with femoral nerve an is usually in the anterior thigh.
The SLR #5 test assesses the integrity of the anterior thigh nerve root.
The SLR #5 test assesses the integrity of the anterior thigh nerve root.
Select the condition that is typically associated with symptoms radiating from the spine all the way down?
Select the condition that is typically associated with symptoms radiating from the spine all the way down?
Flashcards
True leg length discrepancy
True leg length discrepancy
A difference in leg length measured from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the medial malleolus, observed both in static and dynamic positions.
Functional leg length discrepancy
Functional leg length discrepancy
A difference in leg length measured from the ASIS to the medial malleolus, where the difference is more pronounced during dynamic movements than in static positions.
Iliac crest contusion
Iliac crest contusion
A soft tissue injury to the iliac crest, typically caused by direct impact.
Iliac crest fracture
Iliac crest fracture
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Avulsion fracture
Avulsion fracture
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Apophysitis
Apophysitis
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Osteitis pubis
Osteitis pubis
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Adductor pathology
Adductor pathology
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Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
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Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis (OA)
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Labral tear
Labral tear
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Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome (IASHS)
Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome (IASHS)
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Ischial bursitis
Ischial bursitis
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Trochanteric bursitis
Trochanteric bursitis
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Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome (IASHS)
Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome (IASHS)
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Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome
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External snapping hip syndrome (External SHS)
External snapping hip syndrome (External SHS)
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Internal snapping hip syndrome (Internal SHS)
Internal snapping hip syndrome (Internal SHS)
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Femoral neck stress fracture
Femoral neck stress fracture
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Femoral shaft stress fracture
Femoral shaft stress fracture
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One-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction
One-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction
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Two-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction
Two-sided iliosacral somatic dysfunction
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Anterior SI ligament sprain
Anterior SI ligament sprain
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Posterior SI ligament sprain
Posterior SI ligament sprain
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Sacrotuberous ligament sprain
Sacrotuberous ligament sprain
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Sacrospinous ligament sprain
Sacrospinous ligament sprain
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Interosseous SI ligament sprain
Interosseous SI ligament sprain
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Iliolumbar SI ligament sprain
Iliolumbar SI ligament sprain
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Anteroversion
Anteroversion
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Retroversion
Retroversion
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Hamstring pathology
Hamstring pathology
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Iliopsoas pathology
Iliopsoas pathology
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Rectus femoris pathology
Rectus femoris pathology
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ITB/TFL pathology
ITB/TFL pathology
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Piriformis pathology
Piriformis pathology
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Gluteus medius pathology
Gluteus medius pathology
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Sartorius pathology
Sartorius pathology
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Study Notes
True vs. Functional Leg Length Discrepancy
- Leg length discrepancy is measured as 1-1.5 cm difference between the ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) and medial malleolus.
- True leg length discrepancy shows a consistent difference.
- Functional leg length discrepancy shows a similar but inconsistent difference.
Iliac Crest Contusion vs. Fracture vs. Avulsion vs. Apophysitis
- Iliac crest contusion: Swelling, disproportionate at the site. Pain is sharp and stabbing. Common in sports like volleyball and diving. Aggravated by activities like weight bearing.
- Iliac crest fracture: Some swelling, visible bony prominence within a few millimeters of the iliac crest. Pain is sharp and stabbing and aggravated by weight bearing.
- Avulsion fracture: Visible bony prominence within a few millimeters of the iliac crest. Pain is sharp and stabbing, aggravated by resisted movements.
- Apophysitis: Characterized by some swelling with sharp, stabbing pain. Aggravated by certain movements, specifically in the case of apophysitis, it would depend on where the apophysis is being affected.
Osteitis Pubis vs. Adductor Pathology
- Osteitis pubis: Exclusively chronic/long-standing pain, localized right at the pubic symphysis.
- Adductor pathology: The pain is acute or chronic and localized more in the medial thigh/groin area, away from the pubic symphysis.
FAI vs. OA vs. Labral Tear vs. Intra-articular Snapping Hip Syndrome
- FAI (Femoroacetabular impingement): Localized pain, scour test shows bone-to-bone end feel. Pain is localized, onset with flexion and internal rotation (IR) is less likely affected than osteoarthritis.
- OA (Osteoarthritis): General pain, catching, locking, and clicking are common. Pain is generalized, onset with flexion and internal rotation (IR) is more likely to be affected.
- Labral tear: General pain, FADDIR is most affected in all ROM.
- Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome: General pain, FADDIR affected in all ROM.
Ischial vs. Trochanteric Bursitis vs. Proximal Hamstring Pathology
- Ischial bursitis: Pain deep in the ischial tuberosity, aggravated by weight bearing. Pain is localized in the deep ischial area.
- Trochanteric bursitis: Pain along the greater trochanter, aggravated by internal rotation and abduction of the hip. Pain can be sharp/stabbing or dull/aching.
- Proximal hamstring pathology: Pain along the hamstring, aggravated with resisted hip movements. Pain might be felt more at insertion points or along the muscle belly, varying in location and intensity, depending on the specific affected area within the hamstrings.
Piriformis Pathology vs. External vs. Internal vs. Intra-articular Snapping Hip Syndrome
- External snapping hip syndrome: Localized pain on the IT band/greater trochanter.
- Internal snapping hip syndrome: Pain deep in the hip and aggravated by hip movements. The specific location and pain associated with internal snapping may vary based on triggering structures in each patient.
- Intra-articular snapping hip syndrome: Any intra-articular test present and the pain often felt deep within the joint
Femoral Neck vs. Femoral Shaft Stress Fracture
- Femoral neck: Active SLR - pain deep in the hip; ischial or trochanteric pain, pain felt along the length of the femur, localized, deep in the thigh
- Femoral shaft: Pain through the shaft pain at femoral shaft and Fulcrum. Ischial deep in the hip, pain
One-sided vs. Two-sided Iliosacral Somatic Dysfunction
- One-sided: Standing flexion - affected side moves more.
- Two-sided: Gillet's - affected side moves less.
Anterior vs. Posterior SI vs. Sacrotuberous vs. Sacrospinous vs. Interosseous vs. Iliolumbar
- Pain location: varies from anterior to posterior, between the entire sacrum to ischial tuberosity, and lower back or central, more posterior than with sacrotuberous, and almost all most commonly in rotatory motion.
- Special tests: includes gapping, squish and Hibbs (all pain @ SI).
Upper vs. Lower Pole SI Dysfunction
- Upper pole SI dysfunction: Pain at the superior portion of the SI joint, aggravated by approximation.
- Lower pole SI dysfunction: Pain at the inferior portion of the SI joint, aggravated by squish and Hibbs (all pain @ SI) and can range from both posterior and inferior to sacral sulci
Anteroversion vs. Retroversion
- Anteroversion: Measurement of greater than 15 degrees.
- Retroversion: Measurement below 8 degrees.
Hamstring vs. Iliopsoas vs. Rectus Femoris vs. ITB/TFL vs. Piriformis vs. Gluteus Medius vs. Sartorius
- Hamstring: Pain in posterior thigh.
- Iliopsoas: Could go into the lumbar, pain in the anterior thigh.
- Rectus femoris: Anterior thigh pain.
- ITB/TFL: Lateral thigh pain.
- Piriformis: Posterior buttock pain and may radiate at times
- Gluteus medius: Posterior buttocks pain, can be at times on the side
- Sartorius: Pain travels from lateral thigh to medial knee. There can be variation between patients.
Piriformis Pathology vs. True vs. Pseudo Sciatica
- Piriformis pathology: Exclusively at the hip: Localized pain at the hip. Pain often is described as only at the hip.
- True sciatica: Below knee, radiating from the low back down the posterior thigh and leg. Pain is typically associated with nerve compression; symptoms typically begin in the lower back and radiate down the leg.
- Pseudo sciatica: Above the knee and may radiate down, symptoms often begin in hip and often described as radiating to the buttock. Pain less diffuse than true sciatica.
Sciatic vs. Tibial vs. Sural vs. Common Fibular vs. Large Disc Lesion vs. Femoral Nerve Pathology
- Sciatic nerve AN: Posterior thigh pain and can be sharp or burning.
- Tibial nerve AN: Posterior lower leg (plus sole).
- Sural nerve AN: Lateral lower leg.
- Common fibular nerve AN: Lateral knee, lower leg, foot. Sharp and numb sensation are common.
- Large disc lesion: Symptoms begin in the spine and shoot all the way down to the lower leg/foot.
- Femoral nerve AN: Anterior thigh and often described as sharp, radiating pain.
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Description
Test your understanding of leg length discrepancies and common pelvic injuries such as iliac crest contusion, fracture, avulsion, and apophysitis. This quiz also covers the differences between osteitis pubis and adductor pathology. Challenge your knowledge in anatomy and sports injuries.
