Podcast
Questions and Answers
What prevents backflow of blood in the veins of the lower limb?
What prevents backflow of blood in the veins of the lower limb?
- Valves in limb veins (correct)
- Gravity and vein elasticity
- Muscle contraction only
- High pressure in the veins
Which nerve is responsible for ankle eversion?
Which nerve is responsible for ankle eversion?
- Peroneal nerve
- Deep fibular nerve
- Superficial fibular nerve (correct)
- Tibial nerve
What is a common consequence of muscle contraction in the leg?
What is a common consequence of muscle contraction in the leg?
- Decreased blood flow to the heart
- Assistance in blood flow against gravity (correct)
- Increased venous pressure
- Dilation of superficial veins
Which condition is characterized by swelling of veins?
Which condition is characterized by swelling of veins?
Which of the following movements is primarily associated with the tibialis anterior muscle?
Which of the following movements is primarily associated with the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the primary role of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula?
What is the primary role of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula?
Which bone is not considered a tarsal bone?
Which bone is not considered a tarsal bone?
In which compartment of the leg does the Tibialis Anterior muscle primarily reside?
In which compartment of the leg does the Tibialis Anterior muscle primarily reside?
What is the anatomical significance of the fibrous joint at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula?
What is the anatomical significance of the fibrous joint at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula?
Which of the following statements about the leg compartments is true?
Which of the following statements about the leg compartments is true?
Which joints are primarily involved in ankle motion?
Which joints are primarily involved in ankle motion?
What does the crural fascia over the anterior tibia do?
What does the crural fascia over the anterior tibia do?
Which of the following is true regarding the anatomy of the anterior leg?
Which of the following is true regarding the anatomy of the anterior leg?
What is the distal attachment of the muscle that crosses the plantar foot?
What is the distal attachment of the muscle that crosses the plantar foot?
Which of the following muscles primarily facilitates plantarflexion at the ankle?
Which of the following muscles primarily facilitates plantarflexion at the ankle?
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?
What action does the gastrocnemius muscle perform at the knee?
What action does the gastrocnemius muscle perform at the knee?
Which nerve innervates the gastrocnemius muscle?
Which nerve innervates the gastrocnemius muscle?
What bursa lies between the calcaneus and the tendo-Achilles?
What bursa lies between the calcaneus and the tendo-Achilles?
What is the distal attachment of the plantaris muscle?
What is the distal attachment of the plantaris muscle?
Which muscle is NOT part of the superficial group of posterior leg muscles?
Which muscle is NOT part of the superficial group of posterior leg muscles?
What is the primary role of the sural nerve at the ankle?
What is the primary role of the sural nerve at the ankle?
Which muscle does the common fibular nerve wrap around at the head of the fibula?
Which muscle does the common fibular nerve wrap around at the head of the fibula?
Which branches does the common fibular nerve split into?
Which branches does the common fibular nerve split into?
What is the main function of the superficial fibular nerve?
What is the main function of the superficial fibular nerve?
Where does the deep fibular nerve primarily travel?
Where does the deep fibular nerve primarily travel?
What structure does the deep fibular nerve accompany as it passes into the foot?
What structure does the deep fibular nerve accompany as it passes into the foot?
Which arteries branch off from the popliteal artery?
Which arteries branch off from the popliteal artery?
What area does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
What area does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
What is the primary action associated with the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the primary action associated with the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Which structure is the distal attachment for the tibialis posterior?
Which structure is the distal attachment for the tibialis posterior?
Which nerve passes deep to the flexor retinaculum at the ankle?
Which nerve passes deep to the flexor retinaculum at the ankle?
What forms the tarsal tunnel in the ankle?
What forms the tarsal tunnel in the ankle?
Which of the following correctly describes the action of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
Which of the following correctly describes the action of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
Where does the tibial nerve travel in relation to the muscle groups in the posterior leg?
Where does the tibial nerve travel in relation to the muscle groups in the posterior leg?
Which nerve communicates with the medial sural cutaneous branch to form the sural nerve?
Which nerve communicates with the medial sural cutaneous branch to form the sural nerve?
What is not a structure affected by the tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles?
What is not a structure affected by the tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles?
Which muscle in the leg is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle in the leg is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which nerve provides innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which nerve provides innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
During knee flexion, which action is primarily facilitated by the sartorius and other leg muscles?
During knee flexion, which action is primarily facilitated by the sartorius and other leg muscles?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the knee while also assisting in ankle plantarflexion?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the knee while also assisting in ankle plantarflexion?
What movement occurs at the ankle joint primarily during the action of standing on tiptoes?
What movement occurs at the ankle joint primarily during the action of standing on tiptoes?
What is the primary action associated with the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the primary action associated with the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
Which muscle attaches to the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone?
Which muscle attaches to the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone?
Which muscle provides primary stabilization of the ankle joint during walking, by preventing excessive supination?
Which muscle provides primary stabilization of the ankle joint during walking, by preventing excessive supination?
What is the main function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the leg?
What is the main function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the leg?
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What movement pattern is primarily facilitated by the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
What movement pattern is primarily facilitated by the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
Which muscle is involved in both plantarflexion and eversion of the foot?
Which muscle is involved in both plantarflexion and eversion of the foot?
Which structure has a distal attachment to the dorsal digital expansions of the lateral 4 toes?
Which structure has a distal attachment to the dorsal digital expansions of the lateral 4 toes?
Which muscle primarily facilitates ankle inversion?
Which muscle primarily facilitates ankle inversion?
What is the primary action of the deep fibular nerve?
What is the primary action of the deep fibular nerve?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
What action is primarily limited when the superficial fibular nerve is injured?
What action is primarily limited when the superficial fibular nerve is injured?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion?
Which structure separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg and is crucial for muscle function?
Which structure separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg and is crucial for muscle function?
What is the primary muscle for producing foot eversion?
What is the primary muscle for producing foot eversion?
During a heel raise, which joint primarily undergoes plantarflexion?
During a heel raise, which joint primarily undergoes plantarflexion?
Which of the following nerves innervates the muscle responsible for foot inversion?
Which of the following nerves innervates the muscle responsible for foot inversion?
Which muscle is primarily involved in both knee flexion and foot plantarflexion?
Which muscle is primarily involved in both knee flexion and foot plantarflexion?
What specific action does the popliteus muscle perform when the foot is on the ground and the knee joint is in full extension?
What specific action does the popliteus muscle perform when the foot is on the ground and the knee joint is in full extension?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for unlocking the knee joint during flexion from a fully extended position?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for unlocking the knee joint during flexion from a fully extended position?
What is the innervation of the deep posterior leg muscles?
What is the innervation of the deep posterior leg muscles?
During weight bearing in a fully extended knee, which rotational movement occurs if the femur is unable to move further?
During weight bearing in a fully extended knee, which rotational movement occurs if the femur is unable to move further?
Which statement best describes the anatomical position of the popliteus muscle?
Which statement best describes the anatomical position of the popliteus muscle?
What function does the tibialis posterior muscle primarily serve in relation to the ankle joint?
What function does the tibialis posterior muscle primarily serve in relation to the ankle joint?
How does the flexor digitorum longus differ in its primary function compared to the flexor hallucis longus?
How does the flexor digitorum longus differ in its primary function compared to the flexor hallucis longus?
During the movement of unlocking the knee joint, which direction does the tibia rotate if the foot is off the ground?
During the movement of unlocking the knee joint, which direction does the tibia rotate if the foot is off the ground?
What role does the interosseous membrane play between the tibia and fibula?
What role does the interosseous membrane play between the tibia and fibula?
What is the primary function of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the primary function of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Which muscle has a proximal attachment at the posterior calcaneus?
Which muscle has a proximal attachment at the posterior calcaneus?
Which nerve innervates the soleus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the soleus muscle?
Where does the plantaris muscle attach distally?
Where does the plantaris muscle attach distally?
What movement is primarily produced by the contraction of the soleus muscle?
What movement is primarily produced by the contraction of the soleus muscle?
What is the combined action of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during flexion at the knee?
What is the combined action of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during flexion at the knee?
Which structure lies between the calcaneus and the tendo-Achilles?
Which structure lies between the calcaneus and the tendo-Achilles?
Which function is associated with the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius?
Which function is associated with the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius?
What anatomical feature assists in stabilizing movements at the ankle during plantarflexion?
What anatomical feature assists in stabilizing movements at the ankle during plantarflexion?
Which group of muscles in the posterior leg is primarily responsible for both ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion?
Which group of muscles in the posterior leg is primarily responsible for both ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion?
Flashcards
Leg
Leg
The area of the body between the knee and the ankle, consisting of bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
The tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus tertius muscles, located on the anterior aspect of the leg, responsible for dorsiflexion and toe extension.
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?
The gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, and popliteus muscles, located on the posterior aspect of the leg, responsible for plantarflexion and ankle stability.
What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
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What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
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What is the interosseous membrane?
What is the interosseous membrane?
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Where does dorsiflexion occur?
Where does dorsiflexion occur?
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Where does eversion occur?
Where does eversion occur?
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What is compartment syndrome?
What is compartment syndrome?
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How are the bones of the foot organized?
How are the bones of the foot organized?
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Which bone is the tibia?
Which bone is the tibia?
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What is the fibula?
What is the fibula?
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What is the crural fascia?
What is the crural fascia?
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Tendon
Tendon
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Deep Posterior Leg Muscles Tendon Location
Deep Posterior Leg Muscles Tendon Location
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Tibialis Posterior Insertion & Action
Tibialis Posterior Insertion & Action
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Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion & Action
Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion & Action
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Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion & Action
Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion & Action
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Tarsal Tunnel
Tarsal Tunnel
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Tarsal Tunnel Contents Mnemonic
Tarsal Tunnel Contents Mnemonic
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Flexor Retinaculum
Flexor Retinaculum
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What is the Distal Attachment for the Peroneus Longus Muscle?
What is the Distal Attachment for the Peroneus Longus Muscle?
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What is the Primary Action of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?
What is the Primary Action of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?
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What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?
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What is the Primary Action of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?
What is the Primary Action of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?
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Does the Gastrocnemius Muscle Have Any Additional Actions?
Does the Gastrocnemius Muscle Have Any Additional Actions?
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What is the Origin of the Plantaris Muscle?
What is the Origin of the Plantaris Muscle?
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What is the Primary Action of the Plantaris Muscle?
What is the Primary Action of the Plantaris Muscle?
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What is the Origin and Insertion of the Soleus Muscle?
What is the Origin and Insertion of the Soleus Muscle?
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Venous Return
Venous Return
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One-Way Valves in Veins
One-Way Valves in Veins
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Varicose Veins
Varicose Veins
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Muscle Contractions and Venous Return
Muscle Contractions and Venous Return
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Leg Compartments
Leg Compartments
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Where is the sural nerve located?
Where is the sural nerve located?
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Describe the path of the common fibular nerve.
Describe the path of the common fibular nerve.
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What is the function of the superficial fibular nerve?
What is the function of the superficial fibular nerve?
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Where does the deep fibular nerve travel and what does it innervate?
Where does the deep fibular nerve travel and what does it innervate?
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How does the deep fibular nerve enter the foot?
How does the deep fibular nerve enter the foot?
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What are the main branches of the popliteal artery?
What are the main branches of the popliteal artery?
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What part of the leg does each artery supply?
What part of the leg does each artery supply?
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What is the role of the perforating branches of the popliteal artery?
What is the role of the perforating branches of the popliteal artery?
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Interosseous Membrane
Interosseous Membrane
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Ankle Joint Location
Ankle Joint Location
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Compartment Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome
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Anterior Leg Compartment
Anterior Leg Compartment
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Posterior Leg Compartment
Posterior Leg Compartment
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Lateral Leg Compartment
Lateral Leg Compartment
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Crural Fascia
Crural Fascia
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Deep vs. Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles
Deep vs. Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles
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What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
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Where does the popliteus muscle originate and insert?
Where does the popliteus muscle originate and insert?
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What nerve innervates the popliteus muscle?
What nerve innervates the popliteus muscle?
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Where does the tibialis posterior muscle originate?
Where does the tibialis posterior muscle originate?
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Where does the tibialis posterior muscle insert and what is its action?
Where does the tibialis posterior muscle insert and what is its action?
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What nerve innervates the tibialis posterior muscle?
What nerve innervates the tibialis posterior muscle?
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Where does the flexor digitorum longus muscle originate?
Where does the flexor digitorum longus muscle originate?
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Where does the flexor digitorum longus muscle insert and what is its action?
Where does the flexor digitorum longus muscle insert and what is its action?
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What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
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Where does the flexor hallucis longus muscle originate?
Where does the flexor hallucis longus muscle originate?
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Deep Fibular Nerve
Deep Fibular Nerve
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Superficial Fibular Nerve
Superficial Fibular Nerve
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Anterior Tibial Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
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Posterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
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Fibular Artery
Fibular Artery
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Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Anterior
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
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Fibularis Tertius
Fibularis Tertius
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Fibularis Muscles
Fibularis Muscles
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Where does the Peroneus Longus muscle attach?
Where does the Peroneus Longus muscle attach?
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What is the action of the Peroneus Longus muscle?
What is the action of the Peroneus Longus muscle?
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What are the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
What are the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
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What is the main action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the main action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
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Where does the Plantaris muscle originate and insert?
Where does the Plantaris muscle originate and insert?
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What is the action of the Plantaris muscle?
What is the action of the Plantaris muscle?
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What is the main action of the Soleus muscle?
What is the main action of the Soleus muscle?
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What is the Tendocalcaneal bursa, and where is it located?
What is the Tendocalcaneal bursa, and where is it located?
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What differentiates Deep Posterior Leg Muscles from Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles?
What differentiates Deep Posterior Leg Muscles from Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles?
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Study Notes
Notice and Agreement
- The lecture session is being recorded.
- Recordings are for exclusive student use at LMU DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine.
- Student access is conditional on agreeing to the terms and conditions.
- Students who do not agree cannot access or use the recordings.
- Students using recordings acknowledge faculty intellectual property rights.
- Distribution of recordings violates DCOM copyright policy.
- Recordings respect privacy rights of fellow students.
- Sharing recordings with unauthorized parties is an Honor Code violation.
- Recordings can only be used as directed by the faculty member.
- Course name, lecture number, and title are to be used exactly as listed on LMU-DCOM website.
Learning Objectives - Leg
- Describe the location of cutaneous nerves and veins in the leg.
- Identify key bony landmarks in the leg and ankle.
- Identify leg muscles, their attachments, nerve supply, and actions.
- Describe the organization of the leg's muscular compartments, their common function, and nerve/arterial supply.
Tibia and Fibula - Cross Section
- Interosseous membrane holds tibia and fibula together.
- Provides surface for muscle attachments.
- Separates anterior from posterior compartments.
Tibia and Fibula - Distal
- Tibiofibular syndesmosis (fibrous joint) connects tibia and fibula.
- Lateral and medial malleoli form the ankle mortise.
- Malleolar groove accommodates tibialis posterior tendon.
Foot Bones Regions
- Tarsal bones (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform).
- Metatarsals.
- Phalanges.
- Regions for anatomical and clinical considerations.
Foot Bones
- Multiple images of foot bones, showing details of individual bones.
- Identifying anatomical landmarks/features on multiple views of foot bones.
- Includes information on the foot regions (forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot) to understand the structural relationship.
Leg Compartments
- Anterior, lateral, deep posterior, and superficial posterior compartments are identified.
- Includes descriptions of intermuscular septa and crura fascia.
- Relationships between bony landmarks and muscle compartments.
- Relationships of nerves and blood vessels passing through various compartments.
Ankle Motions
- Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur at the talocrural joints.
- Inversion and eversion occur at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints.
Anterior Leg
- Tibia is positioned medially within the anterior compartment.
- Lateral to the tibial shaft, and is subcutaneous ("shin").
Anterior Leg - Proximal Attachments
- Anterior tibia and fibula, and the interosseous membrane.
- Diagrams/Images illustrating the proximal attachments within the anterior compartment.
Anterior Leg - Distal Attachments/Actions
- Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, and Fibularis tertius muscles and distal attachments, and actions.
Lateral Leg
- Fibularis longus and brevis muscles, and location of superficial fibular nerve.
- Distal attachment sites and functions (plantarflexion and eversion) are detailed.
Fibularis Longus m - Distal Attachment
- Passes under cuboid bone in groove, attaches to base of 1st metatarsal, and medial cuneiform.
- Action - plantarflexion and eversion.
Retinacula at the Ankle
- Superior and inferior extensor retinacula, and superior and inferior fibular retinacula.
- Detailed description/diagram of the retinacula.
- Relationships between tendons, ligaments, and retinacula.
Posterior Leg mm: Superficial Group
- Includes gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris.
- Description and attachments of each muscle.
- Relationships between the muscles, tendons and Achilles tendon.
- Tibial nerve's function relating to the muscles, tendons and nerves in superficial group.
Gastrocnemius m.
- Origin (medial and lateral heads of femur).
- Insertion (posterior calcaneus –via Achilles tendon), and functional action (plantarflex)
- Relations to other posterior leg muscles.
Plantaris M.
- Plantaris muscle proximal attachments are described.
- Same origin and insertion as the lateral head of gastrocnemius.
Plantaris M: Soleus M - Attachments and function
- Origins of plantaris and soleus and insertions/functions including plantar flexion.
Tendocalcaneal bursa
- Lies between calcaneus and tendo-Achilles.
Deep Posterior Leg mm.
- Popliteus and muscles of the deep posterior compartment
- Details of their insertion, functional action, and relations to other muscles.
- Tibial nerve's role for each muscle.
Deep Posterior Leg mm: Distal Attachments/Actions
- Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus, distal attachments and functional actions.
Tibial Nerve
- Course through the posterior leg, passing deep to flexor retinaculum.
- Relationship with superficial and deep muscles of the posterior compartment.
Sural Nerve
- Formation (joining of medial sural cutaneous nerves and common fibular nerves)
- Course through the posterior leg
- Innervates the lateral side of the ankle and foot.
Common Fibular n.
- Course along the distal tendon of the biceps femoris m., and around the head of the fibula.
- Nerve splits into superficial and deep branches.
Superficial Fibular n.
- Travels in the lateral compartment.
- Innervates the structures in the lateral compartment (muscles).
- Passes to the dorsum of the foot.
Posterior Tibial A.
- Travels between superficial and deep posterior compartments.
- Medial to the ankle, passing under flexor retinaculum.
Fibular A.
- Travels on the lateral aspect of the posterior compartment.
- Passes deep to flexor hallucis longus.
Anterior Tibial Artery
- Enters the anterior compartment after the popliteal artery splits.
- Travels deep to the extensor retinaculum.
- Branches into the dorsalis pedis artery.
Compartment Comparison
- Summarizes the arteries, nerves, and movement associated with anterior, posterior and lateral leg compartments.
Popliteal Region: Neurovascular
- Provides information about the popliteal region, and the posterior aspect of the leg, including nerves and vessels, and their courses.
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Description
Test your understanding of the terms and conditions regarding class recordings for the leg lecture. This quiz assesses your knowledge of student agreements and expected learning outcomes. Ensure you are familiar with the essential policies related to class recordings.
