Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Handwritten Notes Quiz

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Haloalkanes are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and halogen atoms, while haloarenes are derived from aromatic compounds with a halogen substituent.
• Classification is based on the number of halogen atoms: monohaloarenes have one halogen atom, while dihaloarenes have two.

Allylic Halides

• Allylic halides possess a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond, leading to unique reactivity patterns.

Differences between Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Mono haloalkanes typically exhibit sp³ hybridization at the carbon atom bonded to the halogen, while mono haloarenes display sp² hybridization at that position.

Hybridization in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• In haloalkanes, the halogen is attached to a tetrahedral carbon (sp³ hybridized), whereas in haloarenes, the halogen is connected to a planar carbon in an aromatic ring (sp² hybridized).

Preparation of Ethers

• Ethers are commonly prepared by the Williamson ether synthesis, which involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide.

Chemical Properties of Phenols

• Phenols exhibit acidic properties due to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base; they can undergo electrophilic substitution and oxidation reactions.

Resonance in Compounds

• Resonance can be observed in compounds containing delocalized pi electrons, such as phenols and aromatic systems, providing stability and influencing reactivity.

Test your knowledge of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes with these handwritten notes for the 2023 CBSE exam. Covering topics such as introduction, classification and derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing halogen atoms.