Lecture on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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What is the primary focus of the lecture, regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

The lecture will focus on neurodiversity debates in ASD.

The lecture will focus on ASD without considering other needs.

The lecture will focus on ASD with other needs that impact speech, language, and communication. (correct)

The lecture will focus on the history of Autism and ASD only.

Which of the following frameworks is mentioned as a historical tool for understanding ASD?

The medical model of diagnosis framework.

The learning outcomes framework.

The triad of impairment framework. (correct)

The neurodiversity framework.

What is one of the learning outcomes specified for the students at the end of this session?

To be able to develop new diagnostic tools for ASD

To be able to demonstrate an awareness of the variation in ASD using the autism spectrum. (correct)

To be able to perform advanced statistical analysis on ASD data.

To become experts in diagnosing ASD.

What does the lecture aim to discuss regarding developmental diagnoses related to ASD?

Exploring current debates around these diagnoses, including neurodiversity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary elements of ASD that the video intends to demonstrate?

The video aims to show typical experiences of a 13-year-old with ASD. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Hans Asperger term the condition he observed in children?

Autistic psychopathy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Asperger's syndrome as described by Asperger?

Restricted and repetitive interests (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between Asperger’s syndrome and autism, as originally understood?

Absence of language delay or disorder (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what is the current status of Asperger syndrome in the DSM-V?

It is no longer a formally recognized diagnosis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did Wing's research contribute to the understanding of Asperger's syndrome?

The re-evaluation of Asperger's work that helped to show an autism continuum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT associated with Asperger’s syndrome, according to the text?

Presence of specific phobias or anxieties (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the best descriptor of the controversy surrounding Asperger syndrome?

Whether it should be considered a disorder or a difference. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find the video material of a man diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, mentioned in the text?

On blackboard in the week 5 ASD folder. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary change in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria regarding Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism?

They are now included under the umbrella term of ASD. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the descriptions by Wing and Gould on socialisation, what might a person with autism display?

A lack of reciprocal interest in others, possibly leading to social withdrawal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic included in the DSM-5 criteria for ASD?

A single diagnosis with no allowance for co-occurring conditions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rigidity of thought and behaviour' refer to in the context of autism?

A preference for routine, potentially difficulty with change and imaginative play skills. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Within the context of the provided text, what is the core idea behind 'Neurodiversity'?

A social model that frames differences in brain types as strengths. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a communication difficulty commonly experienced by some individuals with ASD?

An inability to articulate their thoughts clearly, or using no spoken language to communicate at all (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the perspective on neurodevelopmental conditions based on the provided content?

They arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, the specifics of which are often unknown. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When observing someone with autism, what might be identified as evidence of 'impaired socialisation'?

Unusual eye gaze and atypical body posture. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Neurodiversity' primarily encompass according to the text?

A perspective that identifies strengths and differences in 'brain types'. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How might some individuals with autism use language?

They use language with significant differences from the neurotypical population. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included as a neurodevelopmental disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the descriptions by Wing and Gould, which of these could be true of social interaction in the context of autism?

They may experience difficulties initiating social contact and forming relationships. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement that 'neurodevelopmental disorders tend to run in families'?

There may be shared genetic or environmental factors among family members. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is generally true about changes in communication skills based on the content provided?

Some individuals do not use spoken language, some have inefficient communication, and some are very competent. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with coining the term 'Neurodiversity' according to the text?

Judy Springer. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of 'imagination' challenges as mentioned in the context of autism?

A marked difference in imaginative abilities, potentially impacting play skills. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) across a wider population?

Greater awareness and identification of ASD, beyond those with severe learning disabilities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to autistic advocates, how should the concept of 'functioning' be understood?

As a fluctuating experience, varying with time and situation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when determining appropriate support for an individual with ASD?

Understanding the individual's specific needs profile. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the Triad of Impairment proposed by Lorna Wing (1988), what aspect is most relevant to the work of Speech and Language Therapists?

Impaired and deviant language and communication. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of the Triad of Impairment still relevant for Speech and Language Therapists despite being an older model?

It offers insight into the traditional focus on speech, language, and communication in ASD diagnosis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Triad of Impairment, what type of social development is typical for individuals with ASD?

Impaired, deviant, and extremely delayed social development. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why might Speech and Language Therapists work with individuals with ASD who have 'minimal' communication abilities?

Because of the focus on speech, language, and communication difficulties highlighted in the Triad of Impairment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common term to describe individuals with minimal verbal communication abilities?

Minimally verbal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an early diagnostic feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) related to language?

Echolalia and perseveration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What language characteristic is specifically associated with difficulties in inferential language use in ASD?

Difficulty understanding humor and sarcasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic related to play and imagination in young children with ASD?

Delayed pretend and symbolic play (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term ‘scripted’ often refer to in the context of ASD?

Routinized or repetitive imaginative play or behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of understanding ASD?

Recognizing that ASD presents with a range of profiles. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'functioning' as discussed in the text?

It varies depending on time and place. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted about the importance of understanding in order to provide effective supports?

The individual’s unique profile. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which example from the text demonstrates an atypical use of preposition?

'The clock is at the wall' (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Speech, Language and Communication Needs in the Context of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Wide variation in ASD and often other needs impacting on speech, language, and communication
The triad of impairment (a framework) is used to understand ASD historically.
The session aims to cover the history of autism and ASD to understand how it's understood and identified today.
Understanding of ASD as a pervasive developmental disorder is a key learning objective
Identifying the developmental profile used for diagnosis in children.
Recognising the variation in ASD through the autism spectrum.
Learning how speech, language, and communication difficulties can present in ASD.
Understanding developmental diagnoses and disorders related to ASD.
Research the current debates around these diagnoses, including neurodiversity.

Important Note (1)

Significant variation in ASD and various perspectives exist.
The lecture focuses on ASD with other needs affecting speech, language, and communication.
The triad of impairment will serve as a framework for understanding ASD historically.
The session is designed to cater to students with varying levels of experience with ASD.

Important Note (2)

Person-first language is essential (e.g., "person with autism" instead of "autistic person").
Ableist language should be avoided.
Strengths-based approaches to support are important. Examples include visual supports (Makaton signs, visual timetables).

Learning Outcomes

Demonstrating understanding of ASD as a pervasive developmental disorder.
Identifying the developmental profile used in diagnosing ASD in children.
Showing awareness of the varied presentations of ASD along the autism spectrum.
Understanding how speech, language, and communication difficulties manifest in ASD.
Acquiring knowledge of developmental diagnoses related to ASD, and current debates (including neurodiversity).

First of all....

Sharing knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Sharing knowledge of speech, language, and communication in ASD.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

A video, "My Autism and me" (from CBBC Newsround) is suggested viewing material, specifically the first 10 minutes.
The video is approximately 7 minutes long, featuring three sections.
The camera focuses on the child and the speech language therapist (SLT).

Diagnostic Criteria - DSM-5

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction:
Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities:
Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior
Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment
C. Symptoms present in the early developmental period.
D. Significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
E. Not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.

Neurodiversity: a note

The term 'neurodiversity' was coined in 1999 by Judy Springer.
Often centered around ASD, ADHD, Dyslexia and Dyspraxia.
Neurodiversity is the recognition that people have different 'brain types.'
Neurodiversity is used to refer to the range of neurological profiles that are considered typical. Neurodiversity is not typical/abnormal/a disorder.

ASD: in summary

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
ASD is typically diagnosed in the first 5 years of age.
Aspects like socialisation, communication and imagination/thought process might all show a triad/dyad of impairment.
The diagnostic process can be complex for some individuals.
Speech and language deficits are common in ASD and often a key area of need for support.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) - Some Historical References

A list of historical references on ASD is provided for additional background.

Asperger Syndrome - Some History

Introduced by Hans Asperger in the 1940s, around the same time as the proposed diagnosis of ASD.
This Vienna-based psychiatrist outlined characteristics of Asperger's Syndrome. Key characteristics include significant deficits/differences in social interaction and language use - but without language delay or intellectual impairment
This has since been integrated into broader, more comprehensive concepts (such as the autism spectrum).
The condition is no longer a separate diagnosis.

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Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of the key concepts discussed in the lecture on Autism Spectrum Disorder. It covers historical frameworks, learning outcomes, and characteristics associated with ASD and Asperger's syndrome. Test your knowledge on the important developments and diagnoses in this field.