Lecture 8 Chain Surveying

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of chain surveying?

  • To measure an area using satellite imagery
  • To measure an area using advanced GPS systems
  • To measure an area using linear measurements only (correct)
  • To measure an area using drone technology

Which of the following is NOT an equipment used in chain surveying?

  • Drone (correct)
  • Cross staff
  • Clinometer
  • Steel band

What are the two main types of chains used in taking measurements?

  • Günter’s chain and Plastic chain
  • Wire chain and Rope chain
  • Engineers chain and Bluetooth chain (correct)
  • Steel chains and Cable chains

What are tally markers used for in the chain?

<p>To indicate every whole meter position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chain is designed for hard usage and is sufficiently accurate for small surveys?

<p>Engineers chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the width range of a Steel Band used in chain surveying?

<p>$13 mm$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tape in surveying?

<p>To measure distances accurately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tape should never be used for work requiring great accuracy?

<p>Linen Tapes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an arrow in surveying?

<p>To mark temporary stations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are pegs used in surveying?

<p>To mark permanent points like intersection points of survey lines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a ranging rod in surveying?

<p>To mark points and enable visibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is an optical square typically used in surveying?

<p>For greater accuracy in setting out lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a clinometer in surveying?

<p>To measure angles of ground slopes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an Abney level from a clinometer?

<p>It measures slopes more precisely than a clinometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of establishing primary triangulation networks?

<p>To measure angles with an accuracy of ±3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary trig points fixed at in the primary triangulation networks?

<p>At the corners of triangles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the secondary network of triangulation densified?

<p>By establishing points at closer intervals connected into primary triangles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern approach to measuring base lines in triangulation networks?

<p>Using EDM equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is scale error control important in triangulation networks?

<p>To minimize errors in computing check base lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of terrain is triangulation best suited?

<p>Open, hilly country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with steel bands/tapes when not in use?

<p>Keep tapes reeled up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is station marking important in a chain survey?

<p>To facilitate easy relocation if the stations are moved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of witnessing in a survey?

<p>To facilitate easy re-location of a station at a later date (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are offsets taken perpendicular to chain lines in a survey?

<p>To dodge obstacles on the chain line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In selecting survey lines, why is a long base line recommended?

<p>To form a base on which to build triangles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the angle range for triangles used in surveying?

<p>Between 30o and 150o (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are check lines important in a survey?

<p>To save time and avoid unnecessary duplication of lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ranging in surveying?

<p>To create a straight line for measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should gross errors in surveying be defined?

<p>Errors caused due to carelessness or incompetence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it impossible to take observations completely free of small variations?

<p>Despite best equipment and methods, errors always exist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method suggested in the text to eliminate systematic errors in measurements?

<p>Calibrate the observing equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of errors cannot be removed from observation according to the text?

<p>Random Errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of systematic errors according to the text?

<p>Badly adjusted instruments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the corrections suggested for linear measurements using a chain or tape?

<p>Tension correction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can random errors in surveying be reduced according to the text?

<p>By adopting statistical principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of systematic errors on a series of repeated measurements under the same conditions?

<p>+ve effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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