Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does HTML stand for?
What does HTML stand for?
Hypertext Markup Language
What are HTML markup tags?
What are HTML markup tags?
Special codes that tell the web browser how to display the HTML document
Which of the following is NOT a type of file path for web documents?
Which of the following is NOT a type of file path for web documents?
XHTML can be used as a replacement for HTML.
XHTML can be used as a replacement for HTML.
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What is the purpose of a DOCTYPE declaration in an XHTML document?
What is the purpose of a DOCTYPE declaration in an XHTML document?
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What is a web browser?
What is a web browser?
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Which of the following is an example of an HTML tag?
Which of the following is an example of an HTML tag?
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What is the main function of JavaScript in web pages?
What is the main function of JavaScript in web pages?
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A ______ is a unique identifier for an HTML element.
A ______ is a unique identifier for an HTML element.
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Match the following HTML elements with their descriptions:
Match the following HTML elements with their descriptions:
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What is a URL?
What is a URL?
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What are Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) used for?
What are Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) used for?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Understand the basic structure of an HTML document.
- Learn to use HTML tags effectively.
- Differentiate between absolute and relative file paths in web development.
- Embed images effectively within a web page.
Key Terms
- Web Pages: Documents written in HTML.
- HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, used for structuring web content.
- HTML Markup Tags: Codes that instruct web browsers on how to display the content.
- Web Browser: Software application that interprets and displays HTML documents.
- HTML Document: Created using text editors or web page editors like Adobe Dreamweaver.
File and Resource Addressing
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator, the standardized address for web resources (e.g., http://www.schoolname.edu/departments/compsci/index.html).
- Absolute Path: Full URL directing to a file on a different website.
- Document-Relative Path: Path relative to the current document's location.
- Site Root-Relative Path: Path starting from the root directory of the site (e.g., /products/coffee/french-roast.html).
XHTML
- XHTML: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, more strict than HTML.
- Requires all elements to be properly closed and in lowercase.
- Must have a DOCTYPE declaration and designate the XHTML namespace.
HTML5 Features
- Newest standard for HTML, fully backward compatible.
- Includes video and audio tags, content-specific tags (e.g., header, footer), and enhanced form elements.
- Introduces the
<canvas>element for dynamic graphics and game development. - Allows local data storage on users' devices, surpassing cookies' limitations.
Markup Basics
-
Tags: Formatted using angle brackets, with start (e.g.,
<p>) and end tags (e.g.,</p>). -
Attributes: Properties of elements (e.g.,
idattribute inid="value"). - Nesting: HTML elements can contain other elements to create complex structures.
HTML Document Structure
- Basic structure includes
<html>,<head>, and<body>tags. - Structure is consistent across XHTML and HTML with additions like DOCTYPE declaration in XHTML.
Lists and Formatting
-
Ordered and Unordered Lists: Use
<ol>and<ul>tags respectively, with individual items in<li>tags. -
Text Formatting: Use
<b>for bold and<i>for italics.
Images and Links
-
Image Tag: Uses
<img src="url" alt="description">syntax; no closing tag. -
Link Tag: Anchors link using
<a href="url">link text</a>format.
Tables
- Basic structure involves
<table>,<tr>for rows, and<td>(table data) within those rows.
Path Construction Examples
- For linking to files, paths are created based on the location of the source document.
- Document-relative paths simplify linking, using filenames or variations as necessary based on the document's location.
HTML5 Improvements
- Flexibility in adding attributes: quotation marks are not mandatory around attribute values.
- The presence of boolean attributes signifies a true value.
- Closing tags are not required for certain tags without content (e.g.,
<br>and<img>).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of HTML, including the basic structure of an HTML document, the usage of HTML tags, and the construction of file paths. Additionally, it explores how to embed images within web pages. Perfect for students looking to understand web development basics.
